@article {2050,
	title = {Adsorption and Structure of Water on Kaolinite Surfaces: Possible Insight into lee Nucleation from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Calculations},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {112},
	number = {43},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 364TGTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 29Croteau, T. Bertram, A. K. Patey, G. N.},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {10708-10712},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Grand canonical Monte Carlo calculations are used to determine water adsorption and structure on defect-free kaolinite surfaces as a function of relative humidity at 235 K. This information is then used to gain insight into ice nucleation on kaolinite surfaces. Results for both the SPC/E and TIP5P-E water models are compared and demonstrate that the Al-surface [(001) plane] and both protonated and unprotonated edges [(100) plane] strongly adsorb at atmospherically relevant relative humidities. Adsorption on the Al-surface exhibits properties of a first-order process with evidence of collective behavior, whereas adsorption on the edges is essentially continuous and appears dominated by strong water lattice interactions. For the protonated and unprotonated edges no structure that matches hexagonal ice is observed. For the Al-surface some of the water molecules formed hexagonal rings. However, the a. lattice parameter for these rings is significantly different from the corresponding constant for hexagonal ice (Ih). A misfit strain of 14.0\% is calculated between the hexagonal pattern of water adsorbed on the Al-surface and the basal plane of ice Ih. Hence, the ring structures that form on the Al-surface are not expected to be good building-blocks for ice nucleation due to the large misfit strain.},
	keywords = {AEROSOL-PARTICLES, ice, IMPACT, LAYER, models, N2O5, SIMULATIONS, SYSTEMS, VAPOR},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000260357600002},
	author = {Croteau, T. and Bertram, A. K. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {957,
	title = {Deliquescence of malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid particles},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {109},
	number = {D6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 809FPTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 46},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {8},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In order to understand and predict the role of organic particles in the atmosphere their deliquescence behavior must be understood. Using an optical microscope coupled to a flow cell, we investigated the deliquescence of malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid particles with sizes ranging from 2 to 40 mm. Deliquescence relative humidities were determined for temperatures ranging from 293 to 243 K. Over this temperature range both succinic acid and adipic acid deliquesced at approximately 100\% relative humidity, whereas malonic acid and glutaric acid deliquesced at significantly lower relative humidities. These results are generally in good agreement with previous studies and are within 3\% of calculations based on the UNIQUAC (universal quasi-chemical) Functional Group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) model and recently published interaction parameters. Our studies also include measurements at temperatures below the eutectic temperatures. At these temperatures, ice did not nucleate; rather the particles underwent deliquescence to form metastable solution droplets. This indicates that solid dicarboxylic acids are not good ice nuclei above 243 K and hence will probably not play a role in ice cloud formation at these temperatures.},
	keywords = {AEROSOL, AEROSOL PHASE, AMAZON BASIN, AMMONIUM-SULFATE, atmospheric chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES, CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION, deliquescence, dicarboxylic acid, DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS, HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH, ice, NUCLEATION, optical microscopy, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES, WATER},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220622900002},
	author = {Parsons, M. T. and Mak, J. and Lipetz, S. R. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
