@article {3813,
	title = {Nonequilibrium effects in reactive systems; The effect of reaction products and the validity of the Chapman-Enskog method},
	journal = {Physica a-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications},
	volume = {223},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TQ402Times Cited: 30Cited Reference Count: 62},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {50-86},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The rates of gas phase reactions can be calculated from the averages of the appropriate reactive cross sections with the velocity distribution functions of the reacting species. The reactive process, especially for reactions with activation energy, removes translationally energetic species and the velocity distribution functions depart from Maxwellian. The rate coefficients can differ from the equilibrium rate calculated with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The extent of the departure of the distribution function from Maxwellian can be estimated from solutions of the Boltzmann equation with appropriate choices for the elastic and reactive collision cross sections. If there is a good separation in the elastic and reactive collision time scales, a steady solution of the Boltzmann equation can be obtained with a procedure analogous to the Chapman-Enskog method for transport coefficients. In the present paper, the nonequilibrium effects for model reactive systems of the type A + A reversible arrow B + B, with and without the reverse reaction, and the reaction A + C {\textendash}> products are examined with both a Chapman-Enskog method along with an explicitly time-dependent solution for the irreversible reaction A + A {\textendash}> B + B. The main objectives are to study the effect of the inclusion of the products with and without a reverse reaction as well as the range of validity of the Chapman-Enskog method.},
	keywords = {ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTIONS, EQUILIBRIUM, HEAT-FLUX, hydrodynamics, KINETIC-THEORY, LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, PERTURBATION, PLASMA, STRONGLY INHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS, VELOCITY},
	isbn = {0378-4371},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TQ40200005},
	author = {Shizgal, B. D. and Napier, D. G.}
}
@article {3462,
	title = {NONEQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS IN MODEL REACTIVE SYSTEMS - THE ROLE OF SPECIES TEMPERATURES},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	volume = {52},
	number = {4},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TA523Times Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 43Part A},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {3797-3811},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The nonequilibrium effects for a model reactive system, A + B {\textendash}> products, that arise from the perturbation of the distribution function from the Maxwellian are studied. The main objective is the calculation of the fractional decrease of the nonequilibrium rate coefficient from the equilibrium value. This effect is examined with the Chapman-Enskog method of solution of the Boltzmann equation which treats the reactive processes as a weak perturbation. The approach is referred to as weak nonequilibrium. The reactive process causes the temperatures of the two species to differ from the system temperature and this effect can play an important role in the determination of the departure of the rate coefficient from the equilibrium value. A second method is an extension of the Chapman-Enskog approach and involves the expansion of the distribution functions about Maxwellians at different temperatures and is referred to as strong nonequilibrium (SNE). A third approach is a modification of SNE and is referred to as modified strong nonequilibrium. The three methods are described and departures of the rate coefficients from their equilibrium values are computed for each case and compared, along with an explicitly time-dependent solution of the Boltzmann equation.},
	keywords = {ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT, equations, HEAT-FLUX, hydrodynamics, PLASMAS, STRONGLY INHOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS},
	isbn = {1063-651X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TA52300053},
	author = {Napier, D. G. and Shizgal, B. D.}
}
