@article {2645,
	title = {Composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Hamet et Perr. de la Bathie) leaves},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 475UKTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 26van Maarseveen, Clare Jetter, Reinhard},
	month = {May},
	pages = {899-906},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Epicuticular and intracuticular waxes from both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana were analyzed. All wax mixtures were found to contain approximately equal amounts of triterpenoids and very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) derivatives. The triterpenoid fraction consisted of glutinol (8-19\% of the total wax) and friedelin (4-9\%), together with smaller amounts of glutanol, glutinol acetate, epifriedelanol, germanicol and beta-amyrin. The VLCFA derivatives comprised C-27-C-35 alkanes (19-37\% of the total wax), C-32-C-34 aldehydes (3-7\%), C-32 and C-34 fatty acids (0.2-3\%), C-26-C-36 primary alcohols (4-8\%), and C-42-C-52 alkyl esters (2-9\%). The wax layers were found to differ in triterpenoid amounts, with the intracuticular wax containing higher percentages of most triterpenoids than the epicuticular wax. Friedelin, the only triterpenoid ketone present, showed the opposite distribution with higher proportions in the epicuticular wax. VLCFA derivatives also accumulated to higher percentages in the epicuticular than in the intracuticular wax layer. Epicuticular wax crystals were observed on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {chain length, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, Crassulaceae, DUDLEYA, friedelin, glutinol, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, LEAF CUTICULAR WAXES, leaf surface, PINNATA, PLANTS, STEROLS, SURFACES, SYNTHASE, triterpenoids, Very long chain fatty acids},
	isbn = {0031-9422},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000268386700009},
	author = {van Maarseveen, C. and Jetter, R.}
}
@article {2499,
	title = {Surface-enhanced IR-visible sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy},
	journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
	volume = {11},
	number = {18},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 436KPTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 79Li, Qifeng Kuo, Chiung Wen Yang, Zheng Chen, Peilin Chou, Keng C.},
	pages = {3436-3442},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Surface-enhanced IR-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) was studied using Ag and Au films over nanospheres (AgFON and AuFON), which provided large area of reproducible nanoscale structures with well-defined morphology. SFG vibrational spectra for a self-assembled monolayer of octadecanethiol were investigated on spheres with diameters ranging from 300 nm to 620 nm. With an input wavelength of 532 nm, a sphere diameter near 360 nm produced the maximum enhancement, which was consistent with the localized surface-plasmon resonant wavelength identified by minimum reflectivity. The measured second-order susceptibility for the asymmetric CH3 stretch mode of octadecanethiol was enhanced by up to 27 times on AgFON, which corresponded to an SFG enhancement factor of similar to 730. The SFG enhancement factor for AuFON was a quarter of that from AgFON. The SFG enhancement factor for the symmetric CH3 mode was about 10 times smaller than that for the asymmetric CH3 mode. This difference can be explained by the highly directional electrical-field parallel to the surface, created at the junction between nanospheres. Polarization-dependent studies also indicated that excitations with the electrical field parallel to the surface was the main contribution to the observed surface enhancements, and the electrical field perpendicular to the surface offered little enhancement.},
	keywords = {2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION, METAL NANOPARTICLES, NANOPARTICLES, NANOSPHERE, platinum, RAMAN-SCATTERING SERS, RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES, SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS, SILVER ELECTRODE, SPECTRA, SUPPORTED PD NANOPARTICLES, SURFACES, TOTAL-REFLECTION},
	isbn = {1463-9076},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000265413300011},
	author = {Li, Q. F. and Kuo, C. W. and Yang, Z. and Chen, P. L. and Chou, K. C.}
}
@article {2147,
	title = {Identification of the wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase WSD1 required for stem wax ester biosynthesis in Arabidopsis},
	journal = {Plant Physiology},
	volume = {148},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 344SMTimes Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 52Li, Fengling Wu, Xuemin Lam, Patricia Bird, David Zheng, Huanquan Samuels, Lacey Jetter, Reinhard Kunst, Ljerka},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {97-107},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Wax esters are neutral lipids composed of aliphatic alcohols and acids, with both moieties usually long-chain (C-16 and C-18) or very-long-chain (C-20 and longer) carbon structures. They have diverse biological functions in bacteria, insects, mammals, and terrestrial plants and are also important substrates for a variety of industrial applications. In plants, wax esters are mostly found in the cuticles coating the primary shoot surfaces, but they also accumulate to high concentrations in the seed oils of a few plant species, including jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), a desert shrub that is the major commercial source of these compounds. Here, we report the identification and characterization of WSD1, a member of the bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene family, which plays a key role in wax ester synthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stems, as first evidenced by severely reduced wax ester levels of in the stem wax of wsd1 mutants. In vitro assays using protein extracts from Escherichia coli expressing WSD1 showed that this enzyme has a high level of wax synthase activity and approximately 10-fold lower level of diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. Expression of the WSD1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the accumulation of wax esters, but not triacylglycerol, indicating that WSD1 predominantly functions as a wax synthase. Analyses of WSD1 expression revealed that this gene is transcribed in flowers, top parts of stems, and leaves. Fully functional yellow fluorescent protein-tagged WSD1 protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, demonstrating that biosynthesis of wax esters, the final products of the alcohol-forming pathway, occurs in this subcellular compartment.},
	keywords = {ABC, CLONING, CONDENSING ENZYME, ELONGATION, GENE-EXPRESSION, PLANT CUTICULAR WAXES, SURFACES, THALIANA, TRANSFORMATION, TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS, TRANSPORTER},
	isbn = {0032-0889},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000258947600010},
	author = {Li, F. and Wu, X. and Lam, P. and Bird, D. and Zheng, H. and Samuels, L. and Jetter, R. and Kunst, L.}
}
@article {1386,
	title = {Prediction of spectroscopic constants for diatomic molecules in the ground and excited states using time-dependent density functional theory},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Chemistry},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 999IGTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 52},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {163-173},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Spectroscopic constants of the ground and next seven low-lying excited states of diatomic molecules CO, N-2, P-2, and ScF were computed using the density functional theory SAOP/ATZP model, in conjunction with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and a recently developed Slater type basis set, ATZP. Spectroscopic constants, including the equilibrium distances r(e), harmonic vibrational frequency omega(e), vibrational anharmonicity omega(e)x(e), rotational constant B-e, centrifugal distortion constant D-e, the vibration-rotation interaction constant alpha(e), and the vibrational zero-point energy E-n(0), were generated in an effort to establish a reliable database for electron spectroscopy. By comparison with experimental values and a similar model with an established larger Slater-type basis set, et-QZ3P-xD, it was found that this model provides reliably accurate results at reduced computational costs, for both the ground and excited states of the molecules. The over all errors of all eight lowest lying electronic states of the molecules under study using the effective basis set are r(e)(+/- 4\%), omega(e)(+/- 5\% mostly without exceeding +/- 20\%), omega(e)x(e)(+/- 5\% mostly without exceeding 20\%, much more accurate than a previous study on this constant of +/- 30\%), B-e(+/- 8\%), D-e(+/- 10\%), alpha(e)(+/- 10\%), and E-n(0)(+/- 10\%). The accuracy obtained using the ATZP basis set is very competitive to the larger et-QZ3P-xD basis set in particular in the ground electronic states. The overall errors in r(e), omega(e)x(e) and alpha(e) in the ground states were given by +/- 0.7, +/- 10.1, and +/- 8.4\%, respectively, using the efficient ATZP basis set, which is competitive to the errors of +/- 0.5, +/- 9.2, and +/- 9.1\%, respectively for those constants using the larger et-QZ3P-xD basis set. The latter basis set, however, needs approximately four times of the CPU time on the National Supercomputing Facilities (Australia). Due to the efficiency of the model (TD-DFT, SAOP and ATZP), it will be readily applied to study larger molecular systems. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {Density Function Theroy, diatomic molecules, DIPOLE-MOMENT, ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE, emission, EXCITATION-ENERGIES, excited, FREQUENCIES, GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS, ground state, INDUCED POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS, ORBITALS, POTENTIALS, SPECTRA, spectroscopic constants, STATES, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0192-8651},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234382400005},
	author = {Falzon, C. T. and Chong, D. P. and Wang, F.}
}
@article {1004,
	title = {Investigations of interfaces formed between bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and aluminum after different Forest Product Laboratory pre-treatment times},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {221},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 759CXTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {340-348},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The adhesion performance of bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) coatings on high-purity aluminum surfaces, which have been subjected to a Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) pre-treatment for different times, has been assessed with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After coating, SIMS measurement of the ratio of peak intensities at 71 to 70 amu is used to identify the direct Al-O-Si bonding. The overall strength of the silane adhesion is assessed by comparing measurements of the Si 2p signals before and after application of an ultrasonic rinse to the coated sample. For the shorter FPL pre-treatment times (<10 min), substantial BTSE adsorption occurs on less-firmly anchored parts of the oxide which can be removed by the sonication test. The optimal adhesive bonding is indicated by these more microscopic studies to occur with the pre-treatments in the 10-25 min range, and this is in close correspondence with the normal FPL recipe that has been identified by performance in macroscopic tests. Pre-treatments longer than 25 min modify the surface topography further and give less direct Al-O-Si bonding, although the total BTSE adsorption is essentially constant and the adhesion remains strong enough to survive the sonication test. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, ALLOY-COATED STEEL, aluminum, corrosion, DURABILITY, GAMMA-GLYCIDOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, metals, silane adsorption, SILANES, SIMS, surface pre-treatment, SURFACES, TECHNOLOGY, TOF-SIMS, XPS},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000187721700043},
	author = {Teo, M. and Kim, J. and Wong, P. C. and Wong, K. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {866,
	title = {Molecular weight and polydispersity estimation of adsorbing polymer brushes by atomic force microscopy},
	journal = {Langmuir},
	volume = {20},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 811CPTimes Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 36},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {3297-3303},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{We have estimated the molecular weight, M-n, and polydispersity, PDI, of densely grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes using a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) approach. When compression of a polymer brush induced adsorption of multiple chains to an AFM tip, the resulting decompression force profile exhibited a maximum attractive force at a separation, L-m, that decayed to zero with increasing tip-sample separation. We have found that the separation L approximates the average contour length, L,, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The detection of a decaying attractive force at separations larger than L, suggests that chains of above average length sequentially break free from the tip as they are stretched away from the grafting surface. The shape of the decompression profile in this region approximately paralleled the cumulative weight fraction of the grafted chains determined by GPC. The fraction of chains of a given molecular weight determined from a single force curve fit a log-normal distribution, having a standard deviation that provided an estimate of the PDL We have characterized two PNIPAM brushes by this AFM technique as well as by GPC coupled to a multiangle laser light-scattering detector (MALLS). The values obtained by AFM-(1) Mn,(AFM) = (3.8 +/- 0.5) X 104},
	keywords = {ADSORPTION, AFM, CHAIN ELONGATION, ELASTIC PROPERTIES, PHASE, POLY(ACRYLAMIDE), POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE), SPECTROSCOPY, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0743-7463},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220750300044},
	author = {Goodman, D. and Kizhakkedathu, J. N. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {346,
	title = {Collision-induced alignment of NO+ drifting in argon: Calculated distribution functions and microscopic quadrupole alignment parameters},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {116},
	number = {15},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 537PGTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {6605-6613},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Molecular dynamics simulations of NO+ drifting in argon are presented. In this system, the ion-bath gas mass ratio is close to but less than unity, thus increasing the importance of inelastic collisions. Strong velocity-angular momentum coupling is found, and in particular the quadrupolar alignment parameter as a function of the velocity parallel with the field takes on, with decreasing velocities, values that start as negative, become positive, and subsequently decay toward negative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the decay of this alignment towards negative values at the low end of the velocity distribution. The accuracy of an approximate distribution function [R. Baranowski and M. Thachuk, Phys. Rev. A 63, 032503 (2001)] is also examined in detail. It is found to give results that are generally qualitatively correct, and for many properties, semiquantitatively correct as well. The agreement, however, is not as good as that found for systems with ion-bath gas ratios greatly exceeding unity. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {AR-NO+, ATOMIC GASES, EXPANSIONS, ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY, MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS, ROTATIONAL ALIGNMENT, SCATTERING, SUPERSONIC, SURFACES, TRANSPORT, VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174767200023},
	author = {Chen, X. and Araghi, R. and Baranowski, R. and Thachuk, M.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {Structure determination of Cu(410)-O using X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {516},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 594AQTimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 52},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {16-32},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Cu(4 1 0)-O surface, involving a 0.5 monolayer (ML) coverage of oxygen, is known to be extremely stable and a range of Cu(1 0 0) vicinal. surfaces facet to (4 1 0) in the presence of adsorbed oxygen. A new surface X-ray diffraction investigation of this surface has been conducted to determine its structure, and the detailed structural parameter values obtained are compared with the results of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results show that the metal structure is unreconstructed, with the oxygen forming an overlayer with 0.25 ML O atoms at near-colinear step-edge sites and 0.25 NIL O atoms at mid-terrace hollow sites, approximately 0.6 Angstrom above the terraces. The large number of independent structural parameters potentially relevant to this vicinal surface presents a significant challenge for unique structural optimisation, but various missing row reconstruction models can be clearly excluded. Two detailed structural solutions are identified which give equally acceptable fits to the X-ray diffraction data after imposition of a Lennard-Jones penalty factor. These models differ especially in the O positions, but one is found to be more favoured by comparison with the results of the DFT calculations, and by considerations based on bond lengths and valence. Substantial relaxations from the bulk metal positions occur for the outermost Cu atoms; the ability of the vicinal surface to relax in this way may help to account for its stability compared with the missing row reconstruction induced by oxygen chemisorption on the Cu(1 0 0) surface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ADSORPTION, and, and topography, chemisorption, copper, CU(100), DETERMINATION, DIFFRACTION, ENERGY ION-SCATTERING, INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS, MISSING-ROW, MORPHOLOGY, OXYGEN, OXYGEN-INDUCED RECONSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION, reflection, relaxation and reconstruction, roughness, SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY, SURFACE, surface structure, SURFACE-STRUCTURE, SURFACES, VICINAL COPPER SURFACES, vicinal single crystal, WAVE BASIS-SET, X-ray scattering},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178027000003},
	author = {Vlieg, E. and Driver, S. M. and Goedtkindt, P. and Knight, P. J. and Liu, W. and Ludecke, J. and Mitchell, K. A. R. and Murashov, V. and Robinson, I. K. and de Vries, S. A. and Woodruff, D. P.}
}
@article {4403,
	title = {SIMS studies of the effect of H at interfaces formed by oxidized zirconium},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {76},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 180RKTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 13},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1796-1799},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to guide the search for an oxidation procedure that can produce a thin and relatively sharp oxide layer on macroscopic zirconium. A new preparation based on dip coating in H2O2 solution is indicated to be suitable for this purpose. SIMS further indicates that the oxide interface, for such a prepared sample, shows substantial degradation when it is heated in H-2 gas at 300 degrees C. The presence of H appears to facilitate O migration into the metallic region, an observation that supplements those made previously on oxidized thin-film samples of zirconium prepared by deposition under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions.},
	keywords = {electron, GROWTH, HYDROGEN, interfacial reactivity, OXIDATION, OXIDE, oxidized, OXYGEN, secondary ion mass spectrometry, SURFACES, THIN-FILMS, XPS INVESTIGATIONS, ZIRCONIUM, ZR(0001)},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079398800002},
	author = {Shimizu, K. and Flinn, B. J. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {4161,
	title = {Chemical properties of a Nb/Zr interface studied by XPS},
	journal = {Surface Review and Letters},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XA621Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 15},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {33-37},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A film of niobium (similar to 15 A thick) deposited under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions on polycrystalline zirconium was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as it was taken through a series of sequential treatments. The Nb-Zr interface, associated with a Nb 3d(5/2) peak at 203.4 eV, is indicated to passivate the underlying Zr to oxygen and hydrogen plasma treatments, which in the absence of Nb would yield substantial oxidation. On heating to 500 degrees C, the pure metallic Nb 3d(5/2) component at 202.2 eV appears, and this change is accompanied by removal of the passivation effect on the substrate.},
	keywords = {corrosion, electron, HYDROGEN, NUCLEAR-REACTION ANALYSIS, SURFACES, THIN-FILMS, WT-PERCENT NB, ZIRCALOY-2, ZIRCONIUM-OXIDE, ZR},
	isbn = {0218-625X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XA62100005},
	author = {Wong, K. C. and Wong, P. C. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {3915,
	title = {Density functional calculations of core-electron binding energies of amines. Application to (CH3)(3)N-Ni and (CH3)(4)N+-Ni},
	journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
	volume = {264},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WC716Times Cited: 29Cited Reference Count: 20},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {186-192},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A procedure for computing accurate core-electron binding energies via density functional theory is applied to ten molecular systems containing amine and ammonium groups. The procedure uses the unrestricted generalized transition-state model. The method is used on model systems in which amine and ammonium groups interact with a hydroxide or chloride ion, as well as with a nickel atom. The results are used to shed some light on the interpretation of some characteristics of the XPS spectra of pre-electrolysed nickel surfaces used in electropolymerization reactions.},
	keywords = {ACRYLONITRILE, APPROXIMATION, BASIS-SETS, FILMS, MOLECULES, NICKEL, POTENTIALS, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0009-2614},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WC71600029},
	author = {Bureau, C. and Chong, D. P.}
}
@article {3763,
	title = {Driving forces for DNA adsorption to silica in perchlorate solutions},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface Science},
	volume = {181},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UZ536Times Cited: 112Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {635-644},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The adsorption of both plasmid and chromosomal duplex DNA to silica is investigated with the aim of determining the dominant forces involved in the binding reaction. Changes in the initial slopes and plateau values of adsorption isotherms for DNA on microcrystalline silica particles are used to establish the sensitivity of the binding reaction to ionic strength, temperature and pH, and DNA size and conformation. Binding is driven by an increase in entropy, with little or no enthalpic contribution. Adsorption isotherm results indicate that three effects, namely: (i) shielded intermolecular electrostatic forces, (ii) dehydration of the DNA and silica surfaces, and (iii) intermolecular hydrogen bond formation in the DNA-silica contact layer, make the dominant contributions to the overall driving force for adsorption. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.},
	keywords = {adsorption isotherms, ARRAYS, CHIPS, CONFORMATION, DNA, DNA adsorption, DNA binding, DNA PURIFICATION, DNA-silica interactions, ELECTROPHORESIS, GLOBULAR-PROTEINS, PLASMID DNA, PURIFICATION, SURFACES, TRANSITION},
	isbn = {0021-9797},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UZ53600031},
	author = {Melzak, K. A. and Sherwood, C. S. and Turner, R. F. B. and Haynes, C. A.}
}
@article {3550,
	title = {ADHESION OF MAMMALIAN-CELLS TO A RECOMBINANT ATTACHMENT FACTOR, CBD/RGD, ANALYZED BY IMAGE-ANALYSIS},
	journal = {Biotechnology and Bioengineering},
	volume = {46},
	number = {3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: QR821Times Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 26},
	month = {May},
	pages = {185-193},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A luminance thresholding procedure was developed to quantify cell attachment of a variety of cell lines to CBD/RGD, a hybrid attachment factor comprising a cellulose binding domain and the fibronectin-like RGD attachment peptide. The technique used local thresholding, median filtering, and opening to separate and count cells on each image. Cell lines exhibited three different patterns of attachment to CBD/RGD, depending on whether it was immobilized on polystyrene or cellulose acetate. Vero, COS, HFF, 3T3, 293, and U373 cells attached well to CBD/RGD immobilized on polystyrene or cellulose acetate. CHO, MRC-5, and HEp-2 cells attached to CBD/RGD immobilized on polystyrene, but not to CBD/RGD immobilized on cellulose acetate. BHK and L cells failed to attach to CBD/RGD immobilized on either polystyrene or cellulose acetate. The attachment of many cell lines to CBD/RGD was comparable with attachment of these cells to fibronectin. (C) 1995 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	keywords = {ALPHA-V, ARG-GLY-ASP, CELL ATTACHMENT, CELLULASE, CELLULOMONAS FIMI, FIBRONECTIN, FRAGMENT, GROWTH, HEPARIN-BINDING, IMAGE ANALYSIS, MAMMALIAN CELLS, RECEPTOR, RECOGNITION SIGNAL, SURFACES, VITRONECTIN},
	isbn = {0006-3592},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995QR82100001},
	author = {Wierzba, A. and Reichl, U. and Turner, R. F. B. and Warren, R. A. J. and Kilburn, D. G.}
}
@article {3311,
	title = {KINETIC-STUDY OF ATOMIC-HYDROGEN ETCHING OF GAAS(100)},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	volume = {77},
	number = {5},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RC303Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 39},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {2155-2159},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {GaAs, GALLIUM-ARSENIDE, H-2, OXIDES, PLASMAS, RATE CONSTANTS, RESONANCE, SI, SILICON, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0021-8979},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RC30300054},
	author = {Elzey, J. W. and Meharg, P. F. A. and Ogryzlo, E. A.}
}
@article {3546,
	title = {LEED ANALYSES REVISITED FOR 2 STRUCTURES FORMED BY ZR(0001) - THE SURFACE WHEN CLEAN AND WHEN CONTAINING SUFFICIENT OXYGEN TO JUST EXTINGUISH THE HALF-ORDER BEAMS},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {343},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TK128Times Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {L1167-L1173},
	type = {Letter},
	abstract = {LEED crystallographic analyses have been made for two structures formed by the (0001) surface of zirconium and which show (1 x 1)-type diffraction patterns. An analysis with eight diffracted beams for clean Zr(0001) supports an earlier conclusion that this surface has a regular hcp-type structure, and that the first interlayer spacing shows a contraction hem the bulk spacing by about 1.6\%. A surface formed by O, at twice the coverage applying for the best-developed half-monolayer (2x2) diffraction pattern, is analyzed using tensor LEED for nine diffracted beams, including the use of the average t-matrix approximation. It is concluded that the 1 monolayer (ML) structure is actually disordered with 0.5 ML of O distributed statistically over octahedral holes between the first and second Zr layers, and another 0.5 ML of O similarily distributed between the second and third metal layers.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS, ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED), LOW INDEX SINGLE CRYSTAL, OXYGEN, SANDWICH, SURFACE RELAXATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, SURFACES, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TK12800004},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {3547,
	title = {A LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR THE HALF MONOLAYER STRUCTURE FORMED BY O AT THE ZR(0001) SURFACE},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {342},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TH886Times Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {272-280},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A tensor LEED analysis has been made for the half monolayer structure formed by O absorbed at the Zr(0001) surface. The analysis uses intensity-versus-energy curves for eight independent diffracted beams measured at normal incidence. The best correspondence with the experimental intensity data is for a model in which O atoms occupy octahedral holes in an unreconstructed metallic structure, with 0.25 ML between the first and second metal layers, and another 0.25 ML between the second and third metal layers. These two (2 X 2)-O arrays are displaced laterally from one another by an unit translational vector of the Zr(0001) substrate. The O atoms induce both vertical and lateral relaxations in the three topmost Zr layers; the largest displacements being found in the second Zr layer. The averaged O-Zr bond length is 2.28 Angstrom, about 0.02 Angstrom shorter than the value in bulk ZrO.},
	keywords = {0001 SURFACE, 2)-O, ALPHA-AL2O3, chemisorption, ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, INDUCED RECONSTRUCTION, LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED), LOW INDEX SINGLE CRYSTAL, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, SURFACE RELAXATION, SURFACES, X, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TH88600034},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {3473,
	title = {MU+NO - KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry},
	volume = {99},
	number = {47},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TF811Times Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 80},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {17160-17168},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The thermal addition reaction Mu + NO + M reversible arrow MuNO* + M has been studied by a longitudinal magnetic field muon spin relaxation (mu SR) technique, at room temperature, in the presence of up to 60 atm of N-2 as inert moderator. The pressure dependence of the effective rate constant for Mu addition (k(eff)) demonstrates that the system remains well in the low-pressure regime in this pressure range. The termolecular rate constant, k(0)(Mu) = (8.76 +/- 0.46) x 10(-33) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), is about 5 times smaller than that reported for the corresponding H-atom reaction (Tsang, W.; Herron, J. T. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1991, 20, 609), the largest isotope effect of its kind yet reported for reactions of this nature and most likely due to the increased rate of MuNO* dissociation resulting from the much lighter mass of the Mu atom (m(Mu)/m(H) similar to 1/9). This result should provide an important test of theoretical calculations for dissociating molecules involving few degrees of freedom. Quantum tunneling, normally facile for the much lighter Mu atom, is unlikely to play a major role in establishing the isotope effect seen in k(0). In the present instance, the mu SR technique relies on measuring the relaxation rate for the chemical process of addition (lambda(c)) in competition with that for spin exchange (lambda(se)), with the NO unpaired electron. The pressure-independent average value for the spin exchange rate constant found, k(se) = (3.00 +/- 0.12) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), is in good agreement with previous values obtained by transverse field mu SR (Fleming, D. G., et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1980, 73, 2751).},
	keywords = {CHANNEL MODEL-CALCULATIONS, CHARACTERIZATION, ELECTRON-SPIN EXCHANGE, H+CH3->CH4 RECOMBINATION, INTERPOLATED, MICROCANONICAL VARIATIONAL THEORY, PARTITION-FUNCTION, POTENTIAL-ENERGY, PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE, RADICAL RECOMBINATION, RATE CONSTANTS, SURFACES, THEORETICAL},
	isbn = {0022-3654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TF81100019},
	author = {Pan, J. J. and Senba, M. and Arseneau, D. J. and Gonzalez, A. C. and Kempton, J. R. and Fleming, Donald G.}
}
@article {3528,
	title = {THE THERMAL-REACTION RATE OF MUONIUM WITH METHANE (AND ETHANE) IN THE GAS-PHASE},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {102},
	number = {12},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: QM507Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 52},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {4860-4869},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {ABINITIO, ABSTRACTION, DYNAMICS, FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS, H-2 REVERSIBLE CH4+H, MU+D2, RATE CONSTANTS, REACTION-KINETICS, SURFACES, TRANSITION-STATE THEORY},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995QM50700015},
	author = {Snooks, R. and Arseneau, D. J. and Fleming, Donald G. and Senba, M. and Pan, J. J. and Shelley, M. and Baer, S.}
}
@article {2996,
	title = {SUB-DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY OF THIOFORMALDEHYDE - EXCITED-STATE PERTURBATIONS AND EVIDENCE FOR ROTATION-INDUCED VIBRATIONAL MIXING IN THE GROUND-STATE},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {101},
	number = {9},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PP519Times Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 50},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {7300-7310},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {High-resolution intracavity dye laser spectroscopy has been used to obtain sub-Doppler spectra of transitions to 350 rotational levels in the 4(0)(1) band of the ($) over tilde A (1)A(2)-($) over tilde X (1)A(1) electronic transition of thioformaldehyde. Ground state combination differences from the sub-Doppler spectra, combined with microwave and infrared data, have been used to improve the ground state rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of H2CS. The upper state shows a remarkable number of perturbations. The largest of these are caused by nearby triplet levels, with matrix elements of 0.05-0.15 cm(-1). A particularly clear singlet-triplet avoided crossing in K-a{\textquoteright} = 7 has been shown to be caused by interaction with the F-1 component of the 3(1)6(2) vibrational level of the ($) over tilde a (3)A(2) state. At least 53\% of the S-1 levels show evidence of very small perturbations by high rovibronic levels of the ground state. The number of such perturbations is small at low J, but increases rapidly beyond J=5 such that 40\%-80\% of the observed S-1 levels of any given J are perturbed by ground state levels. Model calculations show that the density and J dependence of the number of perturbed levels can be explained if there is extensive rotation-induced mixing of the vibrational levels in the ground state.},
	keywords = {ANTICROSSING SPECTROSCOPY, HIGH ROVIBRONIC LEVELS, HIGH-RESOLUTION, LASER, LEVEL, OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE, POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES, POTENTIAL-ENERGY, PYROLYSIS JET SPECTROSCOPY, QUANTUM BEAT SPECTROSCOPY, SINGLET-TRIPLET PERTURBATIONS, SPECTROSCOPY, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PP51900012},
	author = {Clouthier, D. J. and Huang, G. and Adam, A. G. and Merer, A. J.}
}
@article {3056,
	title = {XPS AND CORROSION STUDIES ON ZINC PHOSPHATE COATED 7075-T6 ALUMINUM-ALLOY},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science},
	volume = {29},
	number = {5},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NA770Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1368-1373},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), weight loss tests and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), has been applied to investigate the corrosion protection properties of zinc phosphate when coated on 7075-T6 aluminium alloy. XPS is consistent with the coating process leading to both physically adsorbed and chemically absorbed zinc. The former is washed away by ultrasonic washing, but the chemically absorbed component, identified as ZnO(x), is incorporated into the aluminium oxide layer. This layer helps suppress the dissolution of aluminium during the corrosion process.},
	keywords = {PRIMER, RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0022-2461},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NA77000034},
	author = {Heung, W. F. and Yang, Y. P. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R. and Foster, T.}
}
@article {2928,
	title = {XPS STUDIES OF THE STABILITY AND REACTIVITY OF THIN-FILMS OF OXIDIZED ZIRCONIUM},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {72},
	number = {3},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: MF104Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {237-244},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to characterize thin films formed by the deposition of zirconium on to gold foil. With deposition rates of the order of 1 angstrom min-1, in the presence of an atmosphere of 10(-9) mbar H2O, the film has an outer region Of ZrO2 and inner regions of a lower oxidation state material, ZrO(x), and Zr-Au alloy. Initially both ZrO(x) and Zr-Au alloy are oxidized by either H2O or O2 at 300-degrees-C, although this process is hindered as the ZrO2 layer gets thicker. However, even with the protective oxide layer, heating in 5 x 10(-7) mbar D2 (with a partial pressure of 10(-9) mbar H2O) can convert ZrO(x) to ZrO2, a reaction apparently facilitated by migrating D atoms.},
	keywords = {ADSORPTION, AES, BINDING-ENERGY SHIFTS, electron, HYDROGEN, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY, SINGLE-CRYSTAL, SURFACES, ZR},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993MF10400004},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {2912,
	title = {X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF CCA-TREATED WOOD},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {47},
	number = {6},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ML941Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 25},
	pages = {458-464},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir wood sections were treated with CCA preservative. To elucidate the mechanism of fixation of the CCA, the wood surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CCA treatment increased C1 (carbon bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen) and decreased C2 (carbon bonded to one oxygen) in XPS C1s spectra, in both unextracted and pre-extracted sections. This suggested oxidation of hydroxyl groups on cellulose and/or lignin by CCA occurred, followed by the decarboxylation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups. However, the large changes in the state of the carbon atoms recorded during CCA treatment of unextracted wood would appear to include combined effects of the migration of extractives to analyzed surfaces as well as the oxidation of hydroxyl groups in wood by CCA. Accelerating the fixation produced more C1 than fixation at ambient temperatures. This increase in C1 also correlated with a higher resistance to preservative leaching in wood in which the CCA was fixed under accelerating conditions. Surface concentrations of the CCA components determined by XPS were lower in wood in which the fixation was accelerated, and this may contribute to their lower water repellency. CCA treatment enhanced the water repellency of wood, especially in the presence of extractives.},
	keywords = {CCA PRESERVATIVES, CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE, ESCA ANALYSIS, FIXATION, LEACHING, LIGNIN, photoelectron spectroscopy, PINUS-PONDEROSA, PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII, SURFACES, WATER REPELLENCY, X-RAY, XPS},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993ML94100002},
	author = {Ruddick, J. N. R. and Yamamoto, K. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {2858,
	title = {X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES WITH A BIAS-POTENTIAL METHOD FOR STUDYING SILANE ALUMINUM INTERFACES},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science Letters},
	volume = {12},
	number = {11},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: LH254Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 14},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {844-846},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {SURFACES, THIN-FILMS, XPS},
	isbn = {0261-8028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993LH25400024},
	author = {Leung, Y. L. and Yang, Y. P. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R. and Foster, T.}
}
@article {6959,
	title = {CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANAR LATTICES OF DIPOLES AND THE POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO THE HYDRATION FORCE},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	volume = {43},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FD045Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {2953-2962},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The electrostatic interaction between two planar dipolar lattices in dielectric continua is investigated. If there are no dielectric images, the pressure is equally likely to be attractive or repulsive, depending upon the relative lateral displacement of the two lattices. In addition to perfect dipolar lattices, we consider the effects of real dipoles, of disorder, and of finite-sized domains. When the surfaces constitute the boundary between dielectric media, and when there are no correlations between the two surfaces, then there occurs a strong exponentially decaying repulsion due to the interaction between a lattice and its dielectric images. The relevance of this repulsion to the hydration force is discussed, and an experimental test that should discriminate between different theories for that force is proposed.},
	keywords = {BILAYER SYSTEMS, DEPENDENCE, DOUBLE-LAYER, ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS, MICA, MOBILE, MODEL, ORIENTABLE DIPOLES, polarization, SURFACES, WATER},
	isbn = {1050-2947},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FD04500037},
	author = {Attard, P. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {6958,
	title = {INTERACTION FREE-ENERGY BETWEEN PLANAR WALLS IN DENSE FLUIDS - AN ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE APPROACH WITH RESULTS FOR HARD-SPHERE, LENNARD-JONES, AND DIPOLAR SYSTEMS},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	volume = {44},
	number = {12},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: GW604Times Cited: 63Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {8224-8234},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The interaction free energy per unit area between planar walls is given as a convolution of wall-solvent pair-correlation functions. This result, derived from the large radius limit of the macrosphere-solvent Ornstein-Zernike equations, and from the hypernetted-chain closure, provides a statistical-mechanical basis for the Derjaguin approximation, and is both generally applicable and computationally tractable. It is found that the interaction between hard walls in a hard-sphere fluid is oscillatory, and in good agreement with simulations. The van der Waals attraction emerges from asymptotic analyses of Lennard-Jones and dipolar fluids, and the full expression allows calculation of this quantity down to molecular separations. This is demonstrated by numerical results for dipolar fluids.},
	keywords = {APPROXIMATION, ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYERS, ELECTROLYTES, equation, HYPERNETTED-CHAIN, INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS, INVARIANT EXPANSION, MODEL, MONTE-CARLO, SURFACES},
	isbn = {1050-2947},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GW60400049},
	author = {Attard, P. and Berard, D. R. and Ursenbach, C. P. and Patey, G. N.}
}
