@article {2231,
	title = {State-of-the-art in atmospheric pressure photoionization for LC/MS},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	volume = {627},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 358IYTimes Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 147Robb, Damon B. Blades, Michael W.Sp. Iss. SI},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {34-49},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {This review presents our perspective on the state-of-the-art of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) for LC/MS. Its focus is on APPI{\textquoteright}s capabilities and how to utilize them fully. The introduction includes a brief recounting of the history of APPI{\textquoteright}s development, as well as a summary of its operating principles and current position in the field. The primary ionization mechanisms in APPI are then addressed, including direct analyte photoionization (PI), dopant/solvent PI, and thermospray. Next a summary of the ion-molecule reaction pathways available for analyte ionization is presented, along with the conditions required for activating them. APPI{\textquoteright}s performance characteristics are then examined. in effect, this review is an interim report on progress made since Rafaelli and Saba concluded that "The ability... to direct the preferential ion formation towards one particular type...can be extremely useful for qualitative and quantitative determinations. For this purpose, a better insight in the processes involved in the ionization step is strongly needed" [A. Raffaelli, A. Saba, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 22 (2003) 318]. In the conclusion, we focus on areas of APPI technology identified as being either unoptimized or largely unexplored, and having the potential to be improved upon-the crux being that with further research and development improvements in the performance, capabilities, and ease-of-use of APPI may reasonably be anticipated. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ACTIVATED CHEMICAL-IONIZATION, AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, atmospheric pressure, BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS, CARBON, ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION, HUMAN PLASMA, LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography/mass, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PHOTOIONIZATION, POLYCYCLIC, POROUS GRAPHITIC, PROTON-TRANSFER, review, SPECTROMETRY, TANDEM-MASS-SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0003-2670},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000259911600004},
	author = {Robb, D. B. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {1382,
	title = {Deposition ice nucleation on soot at temperatures relevant for the lower troposphere},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {111},
	number = {D4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 021EPTimes Cited: 36Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {9},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The ice nucleating efficiency of many important atmospheric particles remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the ice nucleation properties of a range of soot types including soot that has been treated with atmospherically relevant amounts of ozone. We focus on deposition nucleation below water saturation and at temperatures ranging from 243 to 258 K. For our experimental conditions, ice nucleation never occurred at temperatures above 248 K and below water saturation. Below 248 K, ice occasionally formed in our experiments with no indication of the formation of water droplets prior to ice formation. However, even at these temperatures the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) was close to water saturation when ice nucleation was observed, suggesting water nucleation may have occurred first followed by ice nucleation during the condensation process. We also performed a complimentary set of experiments where we held soot particles at 248 K and RHi = 124 +/- 4\%, which is just below water saturation, for a period of 8 hours. From these measurements we calculated an upper limit of the heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient of 0.1 cm(-2) s(-1). If the number of soot particles is 1.5 x 10(5) L-1 in the atmosphere ( which corresponds to urban-influenced rural areas), then the number of ice particles produced below water saturation at these conditions is at most 0.1 particles L-1 on the basis of our upper limit. We conclude from our studies that deposition nucleation of ice on most types of soot particles is not important in the Earth{\textquoteright}s troposphere above 243 K and below water saturation.},
	keywords = {ACID, AEROSOL, CARBON, CLOUDS, crystallization, CRYSTALS, deliquescence, EXHAUST, PARTICLES, WATER},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000235966800008},
	author = {Dymarska, M. and Murray, B. J. and Sun, L. M. and Eastwood, M. L. and Knopf, D. A. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
@article {1234,
	title = {Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose and a mechanistic study of ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 6-epimerase},
	journal = {Organic Letters},
	volume = {7},
	number = {12},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 932SSTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 21},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {2457-2460},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {[GRAPHICS] A chemoenzymatic synthesis of ADP-D-glycero-\&beta;-D-manno-heptose (ADP-D,D-Hep) is described in which D,D-Hep 7-phosphate is converted to ADP-D,D-Hep by two biosynthetic enzymes. This strategy allows access to the 6"-deuterated analogue, which upon incubation with the epimerase showed complete retention of the isotopic label at the 6"-position. This provides evidence for a direct oxidation mechanism in which the hydride initially transferred to the NADP(+) cofactor is subsequently returned to the same carbon in a nonstereospecific manner.},
	keywords = {biosynthesis, CARBON, D-MANNOHEPTOSE 6-EPIMERASE, EPIMERIZATION, PATHWAY},
	isbn = {1523-7060},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000229574300042},
	author = {Read, J. A. and Ahmed, R. A. and Tanner, M. E.}
}
@article {5013,
	title = {alpha-agostic interactions in Cp*W(NO)(CH2CMe3)(2) and related nitrosyl complexes},
	journal = {Organometallics},
	volume = {20},
	number = {22},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 488TLTimes Cited: 22Cited Reference Count: 59},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {4492-4501},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The solid-state molecular structure of Cp*W(NO)(CH2CMe3)(2) (1) has been shown to contain one "strongly agostic" and one "weakly agostic" methylene hydrogen atom by a neutron diffraction analysis at 120 K and by an X-ray diffraction analysis at -100 degreesC. The X-ray diffraction analysis of Cp*W(NO)(CH2SiMe3)(2) (2) at -20 degreesC reveals that its solid-state molecular structure possesses a crystallographically imposed mirror plane. Consequently, only the average existence of a relatively strong C-(HM)-M-... interaction for each hydrocarbyl ligand in 2 in the solid state can be established. The H-1 and gated C-13{H-1} NMR spectra of representative Cp{\textquoteright}M(NO)(R)(R{\textquoteright}) (M = Mo, W; R = hydrocarbyl, R{\textquoteright} = hydrocarbyl, halide, amide) complexes exhibit spectral parameters for the alpha -H and alpha -C atoms (i.e., delta (H), delta (C), Delta delta (H), DeltaJ(HC), and J(HW)) that provide evidence for the presence of a-agostic interactions in the molecular structures of these complexes in solution. The picture that has emerged from these investigations is that these complexes do adopt an a-agostic structure both in solution and in the solid state when secondary interactions such as pi -electron donation are weak (as in Cp*W(NO)(CH2CMe3)Cl), competitive (as in Cp*W(NO)(CH2CMe3)(CH2Ph)), or not possible (as in Cp*W(NO)(hydrocarbyl)(2) complexes generally). The bis(hydrocarbyl) complexes are probably stereochemically nonrigid in solution, as they appear to interconvert between the two limiting structures having one strongly agostic and one weakly agostic hydrocarbyl ligand. The neopentyl ligand forms alpha -agostic linkages with the metal centers in all neopentyl complexes studied, and these agostic interactions appear to be independent of the nature of the metal or the ancillary cyclopentadienyl ligand. Interestingly, the presence of these groundstate agostic interactions does not correlate with the tendency of the various compounds to undergo intramolecular alpha -H abstraction reactions and form reactive alkylidene complexes.},
	keywords = {ALKYL, C-H ACTIVATION, CARBON, COMPLEXES, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIALKYL COMPLEXES, hydride, HYDROGEN, MOLYBDENUM, TRANSITION-METAL BONDS, TUNGSTEN},
	isbn = {0276-7333},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171951700012},
	author = {Bau, R. and Mason, S. A. and Patrick, B. O. and Adams, C. S. and Sharp, W. B. and Legzdins,Peter}
}
@article {6792,
	title = {GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN DEFENSIVE CHEMICALS FROM PACIFIC COAST DORID-NUDIBRANCHS AND SOME RELATED MARINE MOLLUSKS},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Pharmacology Toxicology \& Endocrinology},
	volume = {97},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EV555Times Cited: 35Cited Reference Count: 38},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {1. Comparison of the chemical constituents of geographically diverse collections of six dorid nudibranchs has revealed that those species that are capable of de novo biosynthesis of defensive metabolites always produce the same array of chemicals. 2. Conversely, those species that acquire chemicals from their sponge diet have a variable chemical arsenal. 3. It is proposed that chemical consistency be used as an indicator of the origin of chemicals in the defensive arsenal of dorid nudibranchs.},
	keywords = {ACANTHODORIS-NANAIMOENSIS, ACID GLYCERIDES, CADLINA-LUTEOMARGINATA, CARBON, CHROMODORIS-MACFARLANDI, DIAULULA-SANDIEGENSIS, INVERTEBRATES, METABOLITES, NATURAL-PRODUCTS, SKELETON, SKIN EXTRACTS},
	isbn = {0742-8413},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1990EV55500005},
	author = {Faulkner, D. J. and Molinski, T. F. and Andersen, R. J. and Dumdei, E. J. and De Silva, E. D.}
}
