@article {2658,
	title = {Composition of secondary alcohols, ketones, alkanediols, and ketols in Arabidopsis thaliana cuticular waxes},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
	volume = {60},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 437ZCTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 25Wen, Miao Jetter, Reinhard},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1811-1821},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Arabidopsis wax components containing secondary functional groups were examined (i) to test the biosynthetic relationship between secondary alcohols and ketols and (ii) to determine the regiospecificity and substrate preference of the enzyme involved in ketol biosynthesis. The stem wax of Arabidopsis wild type contained homologous series of C-27 to C-31 secondary alcohols (2.4 mu g cm(-2)) and C-28 to C-30 ketones (6.0 mu g cm(-2)) dominated by C-29 homologues. In addition, compound classes containing two secondary functional groups were identified as C-29 diols (similar to 0.05 mu g cm(-2)) and ketols (similar to 0.16 mu g cm(-2)). All four compound classes showed characteristic isomer distributions, with functional groups located between C-14 and C-16. In the mah1 mutant stem wax, diols and ketols could not be detected, while the amounts of secondary alcohols and ketones were drastically reduced. In two MAH1-overexpressing lines, equal amounts of C-29 and C-31 secondary alcohols were detected. Based on the comparison of homologue and isomer compositions between the different genotypes, it can be concluded that biosynthetic pathways lead from alkanes to secondary alcohols, and via ketones or diols to ketols. It seems plausible that MAH1 is the hydroxylase enzyme involved in all these conversions in Arabidopsis thaliana.},
	keywords = {BRASSICA-OLERACEA, chain lengths, CHROMATOGRAPHY, cytochrome P450, ECERIFERUM MUTANTS, EPICUTICULAR WAXES, fatty acid derivatives, GAS, HYDROXYLATION, LEAF WAXES, LEAVES, MAH1, MASS SPECTROMETRY, neutral lipids, plant surface composition, RESISTANT, ULTRASTRUCTURE, wax},
	isbn = {0022-0957},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000265524400023},
	author = {Wen, M. and Jetter, R.}
}
@article {1491,
	title = {Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation-selective exhaustive injection},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {27},
	number = {16},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 081RBTimes Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 40Meng, Pinjia Fang, Ning Wang, Meng Liu, Huwei Chen, David D. Y.},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {3210-3217},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Cation-selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) is used as an on-line concentration method for the high-sensitivity analysis of illicit amphetamines using CE. Optimum conditions for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mM) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) with 20\% methanol as organic additive was used as the background electrolyte for CE separation. The LOD, based on an S/N of 3:1, was about 0.01 mu g/mL using normal capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography, while by using CSEI in combination with micellar sweeping the sensitivity increased up to 1000-fold with the LOD lower than 50 pg/mL. The reproducibility of CSEI combined with micellar sweeping for analyzing amphetamines was satisfactory (relative standard deviation around 10\% by using area ratios against an internal standard). This method is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amount amphetamines in human hair.},
	keywords = {amphetamine, AMPLIFIED SAMPLE STACKING, analysis, cation-selective exhaustive injection, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY, ELECTROKINETIC, FLUORESCENCE DETECTION, illicit drug, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, methamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, NEUTRAL ANALYTES, ONLINE CONCENTRATION, REVERSE MIGRATING MICELLES, SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240333600007},
	author = {Meng, P. J. and Fang, N. and Wang, M. and Liu, H. W. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {1389,
	title = {Behavior of interacting species in capillary electrophoresis described by mass transfer equation},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {78},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 025ZYTimes Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 30},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1832-1840},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has been used to estimate thermodynamic constants of binding interactions with linear or nonlinear regression methods. The accuracy of this approach relies heavily on the binding interaction mechanism, which is controlled by both the nature of the interaction and the experimental conditions. The development of a highly efficient computer-simulated ACE system makes it possible to demonstrate the detailed behavior of any interacting species of a given interaction under any conditions. The order of the mobilities of the complex and the two binding species in their free forms is a key factor to determine what molecules in what locations of the column are involved in the interaction, and the peak shape resulting from such interactions, of a given ACE experiment. In this paper and the supporting materials, 18 scenarios in 6 different combinations of migration orders of the free analyte, free additive, and complex formed are studied by a computer simulation program based on the mass transfer equation. From the study of these situations, we conclude high additive concentration (ensuring high capacity factor) and low analyte concentration (ensuring fast fill-in of the free additive in the analyte plug) are crucial for obtaining accurate results when using the regression methods. On the other hand, the approach to estimate binding constants with computer simulation can be much more accurate as long as accurate and efficient simulation models can be developed, especially when the ratio of the additive and analyte concentrations is not large enough.},
	keywords = {BINDING CONSTANTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, DISPERSION, EFFICIENCY, ERROR PROPAGATION, MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION, pressure, RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLAE, SEPARATIONS, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000236307700015},
	author = {Fang, N. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {897,
	title = {Accuracy and precision of manual baseline determination},
	journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},
	volume = {58},
	number = {12},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 879GJTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 17},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1488-1499},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Vibrational spectra often require baseline removal before further data analysis can be performed. Manual (i.e., user) baseline determination and removal is a common technique used to perform this operation. Currently, little data exists that details the accuracy and precision that can be expected with manual baseline removal techniques. This study addresses this current lack of data. One hundred spectra of varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-baseline ratio (SBR), baseline slope, and spectral congestion were constructed and baselines were subtracted by 16 volunteers who were categorized as being either experienced or inexperienced in baseline determination. In total, 285 baseline determinations were performed. The general level of accuracy and precision that can be expected for manually determined baselines from spectra of varying SNR, SBR, baseline slope, and spectral congestion is established. Furthermore, the effects of user experience on the accuracy and precision of baseline determination is estimated. The interactions between the above factors in affecting the accuracy and precision of baseline determination is highlighted. Where possible, the functional relationships between accuracy, precision, and the given spectral characteristic are detailed. The results provide users of manual baseline determination useful guidelines in establishing limits of accuracy and precision when performing manual baseline determination, as well as highlighting conditions that confound the accuracy and precision of manual baseline determination.},
	keywords = {baseline correction, baseline determination, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FLUORESCENCE, manual baseline removal, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTRA, spectral baselines, SUBTRACTION},
	isbn = {0003-7028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000225704100017},
	author = {Jirasek, A. and Schulze, G. and Yu, M. M. L. and Blades, M. W. and Turner, R. F. B.}
}
@article {897,
	title = {Accuracy and precision of manual baseline determination},
	journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},
	volume = {58},
	number = {12},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 879GJTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 17},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1488-1499},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Vibrational spectra often require baseline removal before further data analysis can be performed. Manual (i.e., user) baseline determination and removal is a common technique used to perform this operation. Currently, little data exists that details the accuracy and precision that can be expected with manual baseline removal techniques. This study addresses this current lack of data. One hundred spectra of varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-baseline ratio (SBR), baseline slope, and spectral congestion were constructed and baselines were subtracted by 16 volunteers who were categorized as being either experienced or inexperienced in baseline determination. In total, 285 baseline determinations were performed. The general level of accuracy and precision that can be expected for manually determined baselines from spectra of varying SNR, SBR, baseline slope, and spectral congestion is established. Furthermore, the effects of user experience on the accuracy and precision of baseline determination is estimated. The interactions between the above factors in affecting the accuracy and precision of baseline determination is highlighted. Where possible, the functional relationships between accuracy, precision, and the given spectral characteristic are detailed. The results provide users of manual baseline determination useful guidelines in establishing limits of accuracy and precision when performing manual baseline determination, as well as highlighting conditions that confound the accuracy and precision of manual baseline determination.},
	keywords = {baseline correction, baseline determination, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FLUORESCENCE, manual baseline removal, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTRA, spectral baselines, SUBTRACTION},
	isbn = {0003-7028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000225704100017},
	author = {Jirasek, A. and Schulze, G. and Yu, M. M. L. and Blades, M. W. and Turner, R. F. B.}
}
@article {942,
	title = {Continuous electrophoretic purification of individual analytes from multicomponent mixtures},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {76},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 816FWTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 36},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {2298-2305},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Individual analytes can be isolated from multicomponent mixtures and collected in the outlet vial by carrying out electrophoretic purification through a capillary column. Desired analytes are allowed to migrate continuously through the column under the electric field while undesired analytes are confined to the inlet vial by application of a hydrodynamic counter pressure. Using pressure ramping and buffer replenishment techniques, 18\% of the total amount present in a bulk sample can be purified when the resolution to the adjacent peak is similar to3. With a higher resolution, the yield could be further improved. Additionally, by periodically introducing fresh buffer into the sample, changes in pH and conductivity can be mediated, allowing higher purity (99.5\%) to be preserved in the collected fractions. With an additional reversed cycle of flow counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis, any individual component in a sample mixture can be purified providing it can be separated in an electrophoresis system.},
	keywords = {CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS, CHIRAL SEPARATIONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ENANTIOMERS, FRACTION COLLECTOR, FREE-FLOW ELECTROPHORESIS, ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING SEPARATION, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, MEMBRANE, PREPARATIVE-SCALE},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000221096800019},
	author = {McLaren, D. G. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {894,
	title = {Plasma protein adsorption to surfaces grafted with dense homopolymer and copolymer brushes containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)},
	journal = {Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition},
	volume = {15},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 865ALTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 38Symposium on Gels, Genes, Grafts and Giants held in Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Allan HoffmanDEC, 2002Maui, HIUniv Washington Engineered Biomat NSF Engn Res Ctr},
	pages = {1121-1135},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Growing polymer chains from surface initiators in principle allows much more dense polymer surface layers to be created than can be produced by grafting of whole (self-excluding) chains. We have utilized aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization to graft a series of cleavable hydrophilic poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) homopolymers and block copolymers of substituted acry-lamides from polystyrene latex to give brushes of controlled MW and surface density. Average chain separations much less than their free solution radii of gyration have been achieved. Exposure to radiolabeled single proteins or to whole plasma and subsequent analysis by SDS-PAGE shows that PNIPAM brushes decrease protein adsorption relative to the latex surface or other substituted polyacrylamides. The PNIPAM brushes exhibit a second-order phase transition around 30degreesC as reflected by a decrease in the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush at higher temperatures. Total plasma protein adsorption is increased at 40degreesC compared to 20degreesC but there is significant differential adsorption behavior among the proteins detected by gel-electrophoresis analysis.},
	keywords = {ADSORPTION, BIOMATERIALS, block copolymer, CHROMATOGRAPHY, FIBRINOGEN ADSORPTION, grafted latex, I-125 radiolabel, MODEL, OXIDE), plasma protein, POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL), POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE), polymer brush, POLYMER BRUSHES, PREVENTION, SDS-PAGE, SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS, SERUM-ALBUMIN ADSORPTION},
	isbn = {0920-5063},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224674600005},
	author = {Janzen, J. and Le, Y. and Kizhakkedathu, J. N. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {677,
	title = {The analysis of volatile trace compounds in landfill gases, compost heaps and forest air},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 651ZYTimes Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {154-160},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Landfill gas, cryotrapped on a loop fashioned from a length of a capillary gas chromatography (GC) column, was examined for volatile organometallic compounds (VOMCs) and for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by using GC-mass spectrometry (MS). A large number of organic components were present and many were identified, but the only VOMCs present in high enough concentrations to be detected were trimethylstibine and tetramethyltin. The use of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS as an element-specific detector allowed the identification of a number of other organometallic species in the landfill gas, including trimethylarsine and trimethylbismuth, and, for the first time, butyltrimethyltin and dibutyldimethyltin. The presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl was confirmed. Gas from a large-scale compost heap and from compost incubated in the laboratory contained iodomethane but no common VOMCs (GC-ICP-MS). Only VOCs were present in forest air (GC-MS). Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {(VOCs), BISMUTH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENT, GC-ICP-MS, GC-MS, METAL-COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, organotin speciation, phosphine, SITE, volatile organic compounds, volatile organometallic compounds (VONICs), WASTE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181355200002},
	author = {Maillefer, S. and Lehr, C. R. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {724,
	title = {Characterization of copper-complexing ligands in seawater using immobilized copper(Il)-ion affinity chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {83},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 743RZTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 44Ocean Sciences Meeting 2002FEB 11-15, 2002HONOLULU, HAWAII},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {47-58},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Electrochemical studies show that copper and other bioactive trace metals are associated almost exclusively with dissolved organic ligands in surface seawater. Some of these ligands may be released by photosynthetic marine organisms to control metal uptake. However, new analytical approaches are needed to determine the chemical composition and ecological significance of these compounds. We have combined immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to selectively extract and characterize copper-complexing ligands in seawater. Samples taken from British Columbia coastal waters were filtered through mixed cellulose membranes (0.45 mum) using nitrogen overpressure. Compounds with an affinity for copper were then extracted using Cu(II)-IMAC and eluted in acidified seawater. The eluant was monitored using UV absorption (255 nm), which showed that IMAC extracts from river and surface waters contained the highest concentrations of U-V-absorbing organic matter. Fractions were collected and analyzed by flow-injection (FI) negative ion ESI-MS using a custom made XAD-16 column, which gave 82\% recovery and a detection limit of 1.6 pmol for salicylic acid in acidified seawater. Low-molecular-weight compounds containing nitrogen were detected in the IMAC extracts of highest UV absorbance. These compounds followed an elution profile similar to the corresponding UV chromatogram. Measured masses of 265 and 259 Da are consistent with peptides containing, respectively, one thiol and two primary amino groups, characteristics associated with copper-complexing ligands detected in marine algal cultures and surface seawater using other methods. However, the absence of positive ions under experimental conditions suggests that the extracted compounds are predominantly acidic, and may therefore be hydroxamic acids or other nitrogen-containing compounds. The use of alternative resins and FI solvents to improve recovery, increase ionization efficiency, and permit structural (MS/MS) analysis of compounds extracted by IMAC is now being investigated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, COMPLEXATION, CU, DISSOLVED COPPER, electrospray ionization, ESTUARINE WATER, iron, LIGANDS, marine environment, MARINE-BACTERIA, MASS SPECTROMETRY, OCEAN, organic compounds, ORGANIC-LIGANDS, PHYTOPLANKTON, SPECIATION, stress},
	isbn = {0304-4203},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000186588500006},
	author = {Ross, A. R. S. and Ikonomou, M. G. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {397,
	title = {Applications of on-line weak affinity interactions in free solution capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 536KNTimes Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 109},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {815-822},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {The impressive selectivity offered by capillary electrophoresis can in some cases be further increased when ligands or additives that engage in weak affinity interactions with one or more of the separated analytes are added to the electrophoresis buffer. This on-line affinity capillary electrophoresis approach is feasible when the migration of complexed molecules is different from the migration of free molecules and when separation conditions are nondenaturing. In this review, we focus on applying weak interactions as tools to enhance the separation of closely related molecules, e.g., drug enantiomers and on using capillary electrophoresis to characterize such interactions quantitatively. We describe the equations for binding isotherms, illustrate how selectivity can be manipulated by varying the additive concentrations, and show how the methods may be used to estimate binding constants. On-line affinity capillary electrophoresis methods are especially valuable for enantiomeric separations and for functional characterization of the contents of biological samples that are only available in minute quantities.},
	keywords = {affinity capillary electrophoresis, ALPHA(1)-ACID, AMYLOID-P COMPONENT, biomolecular interactions, capillary electrophoresis, CHIRAL SEPARATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CONSTANTS, ELECTROKINETIC, enantiomer separation, ENANTIOSELECTIVE PROTEIN, FRONTAL ANALYSIS, GLYCOPROTEIN, isotherms, MEASURE BINDING, PARTIAL-FILLING TECHNIQUE, PROTEIN-BINDING, review, separation methods, ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174699400002},
	author = {Heegaard, N. H. H. and Nissen, M. H. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {431,
	title = {In situ extract ion/preconcentration of PCBs and PAHs from aqueous samples using polytetrafluoroethylene tubing},
	journal = {Analyst},
	volume = {127},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 565YATimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {730-734},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In situ extraction/preconcentration of organics from water samples was accomplished using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were concentrated inside the tubing by flowing aqueous samples through it. The adsorbed PCBs and PAHs were then recovered by solvent desorption. The eluent was subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) or gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Multiple samples were simultaneously processed to concentrate organics onto several PTFE tubings. Analyses of seawater and surface microlayers using this technique demonstrated that organics in the surface microlayers were elevated with respect to those in the water column, consistent with previous findings.},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, MICROEXTRACTION, MICROLAYER, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, WATER},
	isbn = {0003-2654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176396800008},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {5019,
	title = {Separation of free amino acids in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence: potential for emergency diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatography B},
	volume = {754},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 418PQTimes Cited: 44Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {217-228},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Free amino acids (AAs) in human plasma are derivatized with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline -2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The labeling procedure is significantly improved over results reported previously. Derivatization can be completed in 40 min, with concentrations as low as 4x10(-8) M successfully labeled in favourable cases. Twenty-nine AAs (including 2 internal standards) are identified and can be reproducibly separated in 70 min. Migration time RSD values for 23 of these AAs were calculated and found in the range from 0.5 to 4\%. The rapid derivatization procedure and the resolution obtained in the separation are sufficient for a semi-quantitative, emergency diagnosis of several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Amino acid profiles for both normal donor plasma samples and plasma samples of patients suffering from phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, maple syrup urinary disease, hyperornithinemia. and citrullinemia are studied. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {amino acids, CARNITINE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, inborn errors, urine, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0378-4347},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167900900026},
	author = {Boulat, O. and McLaren, D. G. and Arriaga, E. A. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4921,
	title = {Characterization of dissolved tannins and their metal-ion complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	volume = {411},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 305EYTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {May},
	pages = {91-102},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to characterize metal-complexing ligands derived from tannic acid, a component of natural dissolved organic matter. Complexes formed by tannin ligands with copper and other biogeochemically important metals were identified from the mass-to-charge ratios of the corresponding deprotonated molecular ions, allowing stoichiometry and metal oxidation state to be determined. Ligand ion intensities were proportional to tannic acid concentration, with detection limits on the order of 5 nM for individual compounds in 50:50 water/acetonitrile. The relative abundance of free ligand and complex ions indicated the degree of complexation under different solution conditions (metal concentration, pH, ionic strength). Using tandem mass spectrometry, the structure and principal copper binding site for one of the tannins were also determined, providing unique information with regard to metal complexation by these polyfunctional ligands. The technique can be combined with high performance liquid chromatography for on-line separation of dissolved organic compounds. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach for characterizing the different classes of metal-complexing ligands found in natural waters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, COMPLEXATION, copper, electrospray ionization, high performance liquid, iron, LIGANDS, MASS SPECTROMETRY, metal-ion complexes, NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS, ORGANIC, PERFORMANCE, PROTEINS, REGIOSELECTIVE MONO-OXIDATION, SPECIATION, STOICHIOMETRY, tannins, TOXICITY, trace metals},
	isbn = {0003-2670},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086527500011},
	author = {Ross, A. R. S. and Ikonomou, M. G. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {4570,
	title = {Poly(styrene) latex carrying cerium(IV)-initiated terminally attached cleavable chains: Analysis of grafted chains and model of the surface layer},
	journal = {Macromolecules},
	volume = {32},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 166HKTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {565-573},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ce(IV)-initiated grafting of N(2-methoxyethyl-acrylamide) (MEA) to a shell of poly(styrene-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) on polystyrene latex has been performed and the molecular weight distribution of the graft determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on grafted chains cleaved from the surface. Cationic poly(styrene) beads were covered with a shell containing poly(styrene-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) utilizing an azo initiator. The density of the surface hydroxyl groups was assessed by saponification of the ester bonds followed by conductometric titration of the resulting carboxylic residues. Ce(TV) redox initiation of MEA from the surface hydroxyl groups produced chains terminally attached to the latex surface. MEA consumption kinetics were monitored by HPLC of the supernatant on a reverse phase column. Competing solution polymerization of MEA occurred, probably due to leakage of shell copolymer from the beads. The terminally attached chains were characterized by quantitative SEC following cleavage from the surface by saponification, allowing a model of the tethered surface to be developed.},
	keywords = {ACRYLATE, CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, COPOLYMERIZATION, METHACRYLATE, POLYMERIZATION, REDOX SYSTEM, STARCH},
	isbn = {0024-9297},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000078570000005},
	author = {Hritcu, D. and Muller, W. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {4213,
	title = {Quantitative assay fdr epinephrine in dental anesthetic solutions by capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Analyst},
	volume = {123},
	number = {7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 102JCTimes Cited: 40Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1461-1463},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A simple and robust method for the separation and quantification of epinephrine in dental anesthetic solutions was developed. The method allows the direct injection of high salt solutions without Sample pre-treatment. Large sample plugs (5.7\% of the total capillary length) are used for epinephrine determination by selective analyte focusing in capillary electrophoresis, The concentration detection limit for epinephrine is about 5.0 x 10(-7) M (90 ng ml(-1)) with a commercial UV detector. The separation protocol was validated in terms of its precision, linearity, accuracy and specificity.},
	keywords = {analyte focusing, capillary electrophoresis, CHROMATOGRAPHY, dental anesthetic solutions, EPINEPHRINE, INJECTION, LIDOCAINE, SAMPLES, STACKING, TETRACAINE, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0003-2654},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074920200007},
	author = {Britz-McKibbin, P. and Kranack, A. R. and Paprica, A. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4212,
	title = {A water-soluble tetraethylsulfonate derivative of 2-methylresorcinarene as an additive for capillary electrophoresis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZB216Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {907-912},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A water-soluble tetraethylsulfonate derivative of 2-methylresorcinarene (TESMR), an aromatic-based, bowl-shaped macrocycle, was used as an additive in capillary electrophoresis. Several phenol derivatives are used as analytes to demonstrate the effect of this highly charged additive, TESMR is observed to interact differently with a mixture of positional isomers and other types of phenol derivatives, A comparative study of separations with two charged additives, TESMR and sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD), provided insight into the selectivity exhibited by these additives. The influence of buffer pH, ionic strength, and organic modifier content on separation and peak shape is investigated, Peak asymmetry caused by the use of highly charged additives at lower pH is minimized by the addition of small amounts of a polar aprotic organic solvent to the run buffer. The effects of mixing a charged additive with a neutral additive are also discussed.},
	keywords = {AROMATIC CAVITY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROKINETIC, ETHER-BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, ISOMERS, macrocycles, RESOLUTION, RESORCINOL CYCLIC TETRAMER, SEPARATION, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072448400021},
	author = {Britr-McKibbin, P. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4077,
	title = {Analysis of polyaromatic quinones in a complex environmental matrix using gas chromatography ion trap tandem mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Talanta},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XC195Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 21},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {985-1001},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {GC/MS and GC/MS/MS in a quadrupole ion trap were used to analyze for anthraquinone, alkyl anthraquinones, benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione and 9-fluoranone in a sediment obtained from an aluminum smelter settling pond contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. By standard GC/MS analysis many of these target compounds were either undetectable or their confirmation uncertain because of matrix interferences. Detection and identification were greatly improved by using GC/MS/MS. GC/MS/MS analyses were performed by selecting the molecular ion (M) of a target compound and fragmenting it via collision induced dissociation (CID) to yield product ions corresponding to loss of CO for unsubstituted compounds or CO plus CH3 for alkylated compounds. The CID conditions were optimized using anthraquinone and 2-methylanthraquinone standards by varying the CID excitation energy and RF storage levels to yield optimum amounts of fragment ions. CID experiments were performed using both resonant and non-resonant wave forms. Although both excitation techniques gave comparable results for the removal of matrix interferences, non-resonant excitation provided more characteristic spectra for the alkylated anthraquinones. Monitoring of secondary fragmentation products, such as M-2CO, provided greater discrimination from matrix interferences than the use of primary fragmentation products, such as M-CO. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, collision induced dissociation, environmental analysis, GAS, ION TRAP, polyaromatic quinones, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Tandem mass spectrometry},
	isbn = {0039-9140},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XC19500006},
	author = {Mosi, A. A. and Reimer, K. J. and Eigendorf, G. K.}
}
@article {4156,
	title = {C-14-Labeled microcystin-LR administered to Atlantic salmon via intraperitoneal injection provides in vivo evidence for covalent binding of microcystin-LR in salmon livers},
	journal = {Toxicon},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XG731Times Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {985-989},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The tissue distribution and clearance of radiolabeled microcystin-LR administered to Atlantic salmon via i.p. injection has been re-examined using uniformly C-14-labeled toxin, Significant differences were found to exist between these results and those obtained when fish received an i.p. injection of tritium-labeled dihydromicrocystin-LR. In addition, MeOH liver extracts were assayed by both phosphatase assay and C-14 counts and the results compared with the total levels of incorporation determined by digestion and subsequent C-14 counting of the same liver tissues. An attempt to investigate the metabolism and to document the putative products was also undertaken. It was found that microcystin-LR was extensively metabolized to compounds that are more polar than the parent compound. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {biotransformation, CHROMATOGRAPHY, DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS, DISEASE, IDENTIFICATION, INHIBITOR, POTENT, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, TYPE-1},
	isbn = {0041-0101},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XG73100017},
	author = {Williams, D. E. and Craig, M. and Dawe, S. C. and Kent, M. L. and Andersen, R. J. and Holmes, C. F. B.}
}
@article {3908,
	title = {Redefining the separation factor: A potential pathway to a unified separation science},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {18},
	number = {15},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YW557Times Cited: 20Cited Reference Count: 38},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2928-2934},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Understanding the separation process in capillary electrophoresis (CE leads to the unification of the theories for separation science; While the separation of analytes is governed by equilibria in chromatography, and by (centrifugal) field in ultracentrifugation, the separation in CE is governed by both equilibria and (electric) field. Therefore, a comprehensive separation theory that describes the separation process of analytes in CE should be able to describe the separation processes in both chromatography and ultracentrifugation. In this paper, we propose that individual capacity factors for each analyte species be used to describe the migration behavior of an analyte. The effect of field on each analyte species, as well as the effect of equilibria are considered in deriving a generalized equation that is applicable for all separation techniques. The separation factor defined at present does not directly relate to the migration rates of the analytes, and therefore can not be used in a generalized theory. We propose that the ratio of the migration rates of a pair of analytes (gamma) should be used as the separation factor, instead of the ratio of the two capacity factors. When gamma is used to describe the separation of two closely migrating analytes, all separation techniques have the same resolution equation.},
	keywords = {BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN, capacity factor, capillary electrophoresis, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY, ELECTROPHORETIC CHIRAL SEPARATIONS, ENANTIOMERS, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PARAMETERS, RESOLUTION, SELECTIVITY, separation factor, TIOCONAZOLE, ULTRACENTRIFUGATION, ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000071948300033},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Bebault, G. M. and Peng, X. J. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {3094,
	title = {EFFECT OF CYSTEINE ON THE SPECIATION OF ARSENIC BY USING HYDRIDE GENERATION ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	volume = {285},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: MV474Times Cited: 61Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {277-285},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The use of hydride generation techniques for arsenic species is pH dependent. Identical responses can not be obtained from arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) when the same acid concentration is used. Thus some methods commonly used for the direct determination of total arsenic under compromised conditions are subject to error. This error is eliminated by the addition of 2\% cysteine to samples prior to hydride generation. In the presence of cysteine the optimum condition for the determination of these arsenic species is in the same range, and a single arsenic species can be used for calibration. This finding is applied to the determination of arsenic in human urine by using flow injection, hydride generation, and atomic absorption spectrometry methodology. The effect of cysteine and thioglycerol is reported in detail, and it is proposed that arsenate, MMAA and DMAA all in the As(V) state, are reduced to the As(III) state as organo-sulfur-arsenic(III) compounds through the reaction between the arsenic species and the thiol. These products, organosulfur derivatives of arsenic(III), easily react with tetrahydroborate(III) under similar conditions to afford the arsines without interference from cysteine. Non-thiol-containing amino acids such as methionine, glycine and histidine do not react with arsenic species in this way, and therefore they do not affect the pH dependence of the generation of arsenic hydride species.},
	keywords = {AMOUNTS, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC SPECIATION, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CYSTEINE, EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY, ENVIRONMENT, FLOW INJECTION, HUMAN URINE, HYDRIDE GENERATION, INTERFERENCE REDUCTION, L-CYSTINE, NATURAL-WATERS, selenium, SPECTROSCOPY, TIN, TRACE},
	isbn = {0003-2670},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994MV47400004},
	author = {Le, X. C. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
