@article {5180,
	title = {Fixation of amine copper preservatives Part 1. Reaction of vanillin, a lignin model compound with monoethanolamine copper sulphate solution},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {55},
	number = {6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 503EQTimes Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 15},
	pages = {585-589},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The fixation reaction of copper-ethanolamine preservatives in wood was studied using the reaction between vanillin, a lignin model compound, and ethanolamine-copper sulphate solution. The green compound precipitated after the reaction has been characterized spectroscopically as di(ethanolamine)bis (vanillinato)dicopper(II); [Cu(vanillin) (ethanolamine)],. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies showed that the crystals of [Cu(vanillin)(ethanolamine)](2) are triclinic with the space group P1 with a = 9.1271(7)},
	keywords = {copper-ethanolamine, ESR, ethanolamine, FIXATION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUND, preservatives, VANILLIN, WOOD PRESERVATION, X-ray crystal structure},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000172786300005},
	author = {Ruddick, J. N. R. and Xie, C. S. and Herring, F. G.}
}
@article {3568,
	title = {FIXATION OF AMMONIACAL COPPER PRESERVATIVES - REACTION OF VANILLIN, A LIGNIN MODEL-COMPOUND WITH AMMONIACAL COPPER-SULFATE SOLUTION},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {49},
	number = {6},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TJ868Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 23},
	pages = {483-490},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{A model for the fixation of ammoniacal copper preservatives in wood was examined through reaction of vanillin, a lignin model compound, with ammoniacal copper sulphate solution. The compound produced on evaporation of the aqueous ammoniacal solution has been characterized spectroscopically as di(amine)bis(vanillinato)copper(II); [Cu(vanillin)(2)(NH3)(2)]. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies showed that the crystals of [Cu(vanillin)(2)(NH3)(2)] are monoclinic with space group P2(1) with a = 5.4172(9)},
	keywords = {AMMONIACAL COPPER PRESERVATIVES, COMPLEXES, DIAMINE, ESR, FIXATION, ION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUND, RESONANCE, VANILLIN, WOOD PRESERVATION, X-ray crystal structure},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TJ86800001},
	author = {Xie, C. S. and Ruddick, J. N. R. and Rettig, S. J. and Herring, F. G.}
}
@article {3159,
	title = {THE INFLUENCE OF ACCELERATED FIXATION ON THE STABILITY OF CHROMIUM(V) IN CCA-TREATED WOOD},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {48},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: MU809Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 12},
	pages = {1-3},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ponderosa pine match stick specimens were impregnated with chromated-copperarsenate preservative (CCA) and the treated wood subjected to, storing under ambient conditions, oven drying or steam treatment. The samples were analyzed by electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR). Accelerated fixation of CCA by steam treatment initially produced a strong chromium(V) ESR signal, which quickly decreased. Complete reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was achieved in 2 hours by steaming. Samples stored under ambient conditions still exhibited a moderately strong chromium(V) signal after 44 days. Oven drying of the CCA-treated samples for four days, failed to convert all of the chromium(V) intermediate to the trivalent form. Leaching of CCA-treated samples, confirmed that fixation was best achieved with the steam treatment. Oven drying caused the samples to leach large amounts of copper and smaller amounts of chromium and arsenic.},
	keywords = {CCA, CHROMIUM, ESR, PRESERVATIVE FIXATION},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994MU80900001},
	author = {Ruddick, J. N. R. and Yamamoto, K. and Herring, F. G.}
}
