@article {ANIE:ANIE201208551,
	title = {Stoichiometric Leverage: Rapid 18F-Aryltrifluoroborate Radiosynthesis at High Specific Activity for Click Conjugation},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
	volume = {52},
	number = {8},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2303{\textendash}2307},
	publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
	keywords = {bioconjugation, click chemistry, FLUORINE, radiochemistry, radiolabeling},
	issn = {1521-3773},
	doi = {10.1002/anie.201208551},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201208551},
	author = {Liu, Zhibo and Li, Ying and Lozada, Jerome and Schaffer, Paul and Adam, Michael J. and Ruth, Thomas J. and Perrin, David M.}
}
@article {Rueda-Becerril2012,
	title = {Fluorine transfer to alkyl radicals.},
	journal = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
	volume = {134},
	number = {9},
	year = {2012},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {4026{\textendash}9},
	abstract = {The development of new synthetic technologies for the selective fluorination of organic compounds has increased with the escalating importance of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals. Traditional methods potentially applicable to drug synthesis rely on the use of ionic forms of fluorine (F(-) or F(+)). Radical methods, while potentially attractive as a complementary approach, are hindered by a paucity of safe sources of atomic fluorine (F({\textbullet})). A new approach to alkyl fluorination has been developed that utilizes the reagent N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as a fluorine transfer agent to alkyl radicals. This approach is successful for a broad range of alkyl radicals, including primary, secondary, tertiary, benzylic, and heteroatom-stabilized radicals. Furthermore, calculations reveal that fluorine-containing ionic reagents are likely candidates for further expansion of this approach to polar reaction media. The use of these reagents in alkyl radical fluorination has the potential to enable powerful new transformations that otherwise would take multiple synthetic steps.},
	keywords = {Fluorinated, Fluorinated: chemical synthesis, Fluorinated: chemistry, FLUORINE, Fluorine: chemistry, Free Radicals, Free Radicals: chemical synthesis, Free Radicals: chemistry, HYDROCARBONS, models, MOLECULAR, molecular structure, quantum theory},
	issn = {1520-5126},
	doi = {10.1021/ja211679v},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22320293},
	author = {Rueda-Becerril, Montserrat and Sazepin, Claire Chatalova and Leung, Joe Cho Tak and Okbinoglu, Tulin and Kennepohl, Pierre and Paquin, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Sammis, Glenn M}
}
@article {625,
	title = {The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F)-montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li-6 MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study},
	journal = {American Mineralogist},
	volume = {88},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 635DVTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {195-210},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The amblygonite-montebrasite series of minerals, common constituents of granitic pegmatites and topaz-bearing granites, show complete solid solution with ideal composition LiAlPO4(F, OH). These compounds are ideal for studying F <{\textendash}{\textendash}> OH solid solution in minerals because natural members of the series generally show little deviation from the ideal composition. In this study, we used powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li-6 MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR techniques to study the effect of F <{\textendash}{\textendash}> OH substitution on the series. Lattice parameters refined from single-crystal neutron diffraction data show increasing b and decreasing a, c, and V with increasing F/(F + OH). The volume is highest for the OH end-member because of the presence of an additional atom (H). The a and c parameters decrease with increasing F/(F + OH) because the O-H vector is close to the a-c plane and the Al-OH/F vectors are approximately parallel to c. Lattice parameters refined from neutron powder diffraction patterns collected at lower T show that thermal contraction increases with F/(F + OH), presumably because the F anion takes up less space than the OH molecule. The results show that the OH/F position is always fully occupied. The H displacement ellipsoid shows little change with occupancy, which obviously corresponds negatively with increasing F/(F + OH). However, the Li displacement ellipsoid becomes extremely large and anisotropic with increasing F fraction. Most of the distortion is associated with the U-3 eigenvalue, which lies between the c and c* directions. U-eq values corresponding to the Li atom show a greater reduction with decreasing temperature than the other atoms. The temperature dependence of Li is the same regardless of F content. Even when extrapolated to absolute zero the Li displacement ellipsoid is very large, which implies a large static disorder. At the montebrasite end of the series, there are five short Li-phi (phi = O, OH, F) distances and one very long Li-O4 bond. With increasing F content, the Li-O4 distance decreases and the Li-O3f distance increases, such that at the amblygonite end, the coordination is 4 + 2. The disorder in the Li site is obviously caused by the substitution of F for OH. The driving force is the loss of the hydrogen bond to 04, which causes the Li-O4 bond to strengthen and improves the bond valence to O4. The results show that the H atom position is imbedded within the distorted octahedral oxygen coordination of the Li atom. To represent the disorder better, we used a split Li site model. The results show that Li1 occupancy increases and the Li2 occupancy decreases with increasing F content, and that the Li1-Li2 distance is longer for intermediate compositions than for the end-members. The Li-6 MAS NMR experiments provide important structural information complementary to the neutron diffraction results. The spectra of samples in the amblygonite-montebrasite series show two well-resolved peaks, confirming the presence of Li disorder over two distinct sites, and highly resolved Li-6 MAS NMR spectra are obtained at the very high magnetic field strength of 18.8 T. The peaks at -0.3 ppm and -0.9 ppm were unambiguously assigned to the Li2(OH) and Li1(F) sites found in the neutron diffraction structures. The isotropic chemical shifts are consistent with the coordinations of these Li sites found in the neutron diffraction structures. The relative intensities of the two peaks across the series of samples reflect the varying F/(F + OH). In addition to confirming the assignments of the peaks, it is possible to measure H-Li2 and F-Li1 internuclear distances by Li-6 {H-1} and Li-6 {F-19} CP and REDOR NMR that are consistent with the corresponding distances from the neutron diffraction structures. The Li-6 {H-1} and Li-6 {F-19} CP and REDOR results indicate that the Li disorder is random throughout the crystals rather than over large domains, a conclusion that cannot be made from diffraction experiments. Variable temperature Li-6 MAS NMR spectra confirm that the disorder is static and there is no dynamic exchange involving F, OH, or Li. Each Li ion has access to only one of the two observed sites as determined by the presence of either OH or F in its immediate environment and there is no possibility of a dynamic exchange.},
	keywords = {CROSS-POLARIZATION, DISTANCE DETERMINATIONS, FLUORINE},
	isbn = {0003-004X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180383600023},
	author = {Groat, L. A. and Chakoumakos, B. C. and Brouwer, D. H. and Hoffman, C. M. and Fyfe, C. A. and Morell, H. and Schultz, A. J.}
}
@article {610,
	title = {Influence of F content on the composition of Al-rich synthetic phlogopite: Part II. Probing the structural arrangement of aluminum in tetrahedral and octahedral layers by Al-27 MQMAS and H-1/F-19-Al-27 HETCOR and REDOR experiments},
	journal = {American Mineralogist},
	volume = {88},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 699FDTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1046-1054},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The influence of F substitution on the local structure of Al in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets of synthetic Al-rich phlogopite samples with nominal gel compositions of K(Mg3-xAlx)[Al1+xSi3-xO10] (OH)(y)(F)(2-y) between 0.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.8 and 0.5 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 1.8, was studied by Al-27 MAS, MQMAS, {H-1/F-19} {\textendash}> Al-27 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) and {H-1/F-19} Al-27 REDOR solid-state NMR and by IR spectroscopy. Changes in intensity of the absorption bands in the OH-stretching region of the IR spectra clearly indicate the incorporation of octahedral Al. Signals from the different phases can be separated in the Al-27 MQMAS NMR spectra by generation of an isotropic dimension in F1. The Al-27 quadrupolar parameters of the four phases were estimated from Al-27 MAS NMR spectra obtained at 104.26 and 208.42 MHz. The quadrupolar coupling constant and isotropic chemical shift increases with increasing Al content for the Al-IV site in phlogopite. The Al-VI site shows a clear increase of the asymmetry parameter and C-Q with increasing F content. The estimated Al-27 signal areas show the lowest amount of impurity phases at high OH contents and a stabilization of Al-VI sites by hydroxyl groups. The {H-1} {\textendash}> Al-27 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) NMR experiment at short contact times provides information about site neighborhoods of tetrahedral Al sites and Mg3OH as well as Mg2AlOH sites, whereas magnetization is only transferred to the octahedral At sites from hydroxyl groups in Mg2AlOH sites. The {F-19} {\textendash}> Al-27 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) NMR spectrum is dominated by Al-IV sites coupled to the Mg3F complex in phlogopite. Resonances from Mg2AlF complexes are not observed. Finally, the {H-1/F-19} Al-27 REDOR experiments support the results of the 2D CPMAS (HETCOR) experiments.},
	keywords = {ANGLE-SPINNING NMR, DOUBLE-RESONANCE, F-19 MAS-NMR, FLUORINE, HIGH-FIELD, NMR, QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI, SI-29, SOLID-STATE NMR, SPECTRA, SUBSTITUTION},
	isbn = {0003-004X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000184045300013},
	author = {Fechtelkord, M. and Behrens, H. and Holtz, F. and Bretherton, J. L. and Fyfe, C. A. and Groat, L. A. and Raudsepp, M.}
}
@article {611,
	title = {Influence of F content on the composition of Al-rich synthetic phlogopite: Part 1. New information on structure and phase-formation from Si-29, H-1, and F-19 MAS NMR spectroscopies},
	journal = {American Mineralogist},
	volume = {88},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 635DVTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {47-53},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The influence of F content on the formation and stability of Al-rich phlogopite has been investigated. Samples with varying OH/F-ratios and nominal gel compositions of K(Mg3-xAlx)(Al1+xSi3-xO10)(OH)(y) (F)(2-y) (0.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.8 and 0.5 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 1.8) were studied using Si-29, H-1, and F-19 MAS NMR spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The synthetic phlogopites were synthesized from sol-gels in cold-seal pressure vessels at 1073 K, 2 kbar. The main phase (phlogopite) and three other impurity phases [corundum (alpha-Al2O3), kalsilite (KAlSiO4), and potassium aluminum hexafluoride (K3AlF6.0.5H(2)O)] were clearly identified by powder X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. For phlogopite, the unit-cell parameters a(0) and b(0) decrease whereas c(0) increases with increasing Al-content (x). The average crystal size of phlogopite is about 1-2 mum. The Si-29 MAS NMR spectra show up to four resonances at approximately -91,-87, -83, and -80ppm, which can be assigned as Q(3)(nAl) signals with n = 0 - 3. The ideal Si/Al-IV ratio calculated from the initial composition is always lower than that derived experimentally. Hydroxyl-rich compositions indicate an increased Al-content in the tetrahedral sheets, suggesting a stabilizing effect on the formation of Al-rich phlogopite. These conclusions are supported by H-1 and F-19 MAS NMR spectra. The H-1 MAS NMR spectra show a water signal at 4.7 ppm, a signal due to Mg2AlOH at 1.8 ppm, and a signal due to Mg3OH at 0.7 ppm. The F-19 MAS NMR spectra exhibit a signal for Mg2AlF at -150 ppm, one due toAlF(6) (K3AlF6.0.5H(2)O) at -157 ppm, and one for Mg3F at -174 ppm. Comparison of the H-1 and F-19 MAS NMR spectra for different Al- and F- contents reveals a non-statistical distribution of F- and OH-groups at the crystallographic sites in the octahedral sheets where F prefers sites coordinated by three Mg, and OH sites with Al in the next-nearest coordination sphere.},
	keywords = {AL-27, FLUORINE, GLASSES, GRANITES, KALSILITE, KALSIO4, NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, PETROGENESIS, SILICATE MELTS, SOLUBILITY},
	isbn = {0003-004X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180383600006},
	author = {Fechtelkord, M. and Behrens, H. and Holtz, F. and Fyfe, C. A. and Groat, L. A. and Raudsepp, M.}
}
@article {7139,
	title = {RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE ETCHING OF INTRINSIC AND DOPED POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON BY BROMINE ATOMS},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
	volume = {69},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EZ664Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 15},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {2635-2638},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The rate constants for the reaction of bromine atoms with intrinsic and heavily doped n+-type polycrystalline silicon, as well as their temperature dependencies, are reported for the first time. The rate constant for intrinsic silicon is given as k = (4 +/- 2) x 10(7) nm min-1 Torr-1e-(62 +/- 2kJ/mol)/RT and for n+-type silicon with a phosphorus number density of 5 x 10(18) cm-3},
	keywords = {CHLORINE, FLUORINE, SI, SURFACE},
	isbn = {0021-8979},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991EZ66400126},
	author = {Walker, Z. H. and Ogryzlo, E. A.}
}
@article {7103,
	title = {RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTION OF ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR BROMINE WITH GALLIUM-ARSENIDE},
	journal = {International Journal of Chemical Kinetics},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FN770Times Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 21},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {529-539},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The reaction of the (100) face of a gallium arsenide single crystal with atomic and molecular bromine has been studied in a discharge flow system at temperatures between 100 and 225-degrees-C and pressures between 0.1 and 40 torr. The reaction with Br2 was found to be first order in Br2 only at pressures below 1 torr. Temperature dependence studies in the linear range gave the activation energy and preexponential factor for the rate controlling reaction in the low pressure regime. The results are summarized in the following Arrhenius equation: k1 = 10(4.5 +/- .5)-mu-m min-1 torr-1 e-(26.6 +/- 4.2 kJ/mol)/RT Deviations from linearity at high pressures are discussed in terms of two alternative mechanisms. The reaction of GaAs with atomic bromine was also studied as a function of temperature, and found to have a temperature dependence described by the following Arrhenius equation: k3 = (2.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(4)-mu-m min-1 torr-1 e-(12.9 +/- 0.9)kJ/mol/RT.},
	keywords = {CHLORINE, FLUORINE, GaAs, SILICON},
	isbn = {0538-8066},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FN77000004},
	author = {Salusbury, I. M. and Ogryzlo, E. A.}
}
