@article {1529,
	title = {Factors affecting primary ionization in dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization (DA-APPI) for LC/MS},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 012ZFTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 20},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {130-138},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The sensitivity of dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization (DA-APPI) for LC/MS is generally reduced at higher solvent flow rates. Theory suggests that quenching of excited-state precursors to the dopant ions, via collisions with vaporized solvent molecules, may be one mechanism responsible for this trend. To ascertain if the primary rate of ionization is affected by quenching, experiments were performed utilizing an ionization detector to determine the primary ion current generated by irradiating vaporized mixtures of toluene dopant and methanol solvent. The results indicate that no loss of primary ion current occurs as the solvent flow is increased, provided the dopant-to-solvent ratio is held constant. Additional primary ion current can always be generated by increasing the dopant flow rate and/or the lamp power. Thus, quenching of excited-state precursors to the dopant ions, leading to a reduction in the primary rate of ionization, is not the mechanism responsible for the observed loss of sensitivity at higher liquid solvent flow rates.},
	keywords = {DETECTOR, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE, PLASMA, SOLVENT FLOW},
	isbn = {1044-0305},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000235378700003},
	author = {Robb, D. B. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {1602,
	title = {Search for suitable approximation methods for fullerene structure and relative stability studies: Case study with C<sub>50</sub>},
	journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
	volume = {125},
	number = {9},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 081XSTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 48Tian, Wei Quan Feng, Ji-Kang Wang, Yan Alexander Aoki, Yuriko},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {094105},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Local density approximation (LDA), several popular general gradient approximation (GGA), hybrid module based density functional theoretical methods: SVWN, BLYP, PBE, HCTH, B3LYP, PBE1PBE, B1LYP, and BHandHLYP, and some nonstandard hybrid methods are applied in geometry prediction for C-60 and C-70. HCTH with 3-21G basis set is found to be one of the best methods for fullerene structural prediction. In the predictions of relative stability of C-50 isomers, PM3 is an efficient method in the first step for sorting out the most stable isomers. HCTH with 3-21G predicts very good geometries for C-50, similar to the performance of B3LYP/6-31G(d). The gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital from the predictions of all the density functional theory methods has the following descending order: E-gap(half-and-half hybrid)\&gt; E-gap(B3LYP)\&gt; E-gap(HCTH)(GGA)\&gt; E-gap(SVWN)(LDA). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.</p>},
	keywords = {ADJUSTABLE-PARAMETERS, BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE, C-70, DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY, ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, ENERGIES, GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION, MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE, PERFORMANCE, PHASE, SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240351500008},
	author = {W. Q. Tian* and J.-K. Feng and Wang, Y. A. and Aoki, Y.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {887,
	title = {A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical Pulps},
	journal = {Journal of Pulp and Paper Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 860FETimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 43},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {233-240},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have discovered a new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents for mechanical and chemical pulps. The new agents are water-soluble tertiary phosphines and quaternary hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)(3), and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)(4)]Cl. For the bleaching of mechanical pulps, such phosphorus compounds have a bleaching power similar to that of sodium hydrosulphite, but they can be used over a wider range of pH (4.3-9.3), temperature (20-130degreesC) and consistency(e.g. 1.5-20\%) without the need for the removal of oxygen or transition metal ions. Furthermore, pulps bleached with this new class of bleaching agents show higher heat and moisture stability than those bleached with sodium hydrosulphite or alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching of mechanical pulps with THP or THPC is accompanied by a reduction of the absorption coefficient of the pulps.},
	keywords = {bleach, bleaching, DISULFIDES, evaluation, mechanical pulps, PERFORMANCE, phosphines, phosphonium compounds, pulp properties, REDUCTION, stabilizers, tertiary compounds},
	isbn = {0826-6220},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224327100005},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and James, Brian R. and Yawalata, D. and Ezhova, M. B.}
}
@article {604,
	title = {Quadrupole mass filters with octopole fields},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {22},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 742BLTimes Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 23},
	pages = {2495-2502},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The performance of quadrupole mass filters with added octopole fields in the range 2.0-4.0\% has been investigated. The added fields are much greater than those normally added to conventional rod sets by mechanical tolerances or construction errors. Quadrupole rod sets with added octopole fields were constructed with round rods by making one pair of rods greater in diameter than the other pair. For positive ions, resolution at half height of only about 200 is possible if the negative direct current (dc) output of the quadrupole power supply is connected to the smaller rods. If the positive dc output of the quadrupole power supply is connected to the smaller rods, the resolution improves dramatically; a resolution at half height of 5800 has been observed with a rod set with 2.6\% added octopole field. For negative ions the best resolution is obtained with the polarity of the dc reversed, i.e. with the negative dc applied to the smaller rods. These findings are unexpected in view of the literature that argues that to obtain high mass resolution with quadrupole mass filters, higher order multipoles must be kept as small as possible. Numerical simulations of peak shapes agree qualitatively with experiments. Simulation of the boundaries of the first stability region for positive ions shows that when the positive dc is applied to the smaller rods, the addition of a 2.0\% octopole field causes the boundaries to shift slightly but the boundaries are well defined, and the tip of the stability region remains sharp. When the positive dc is applied to the larger rods, the boundaries of the stability region move out and become diffuse. For instruments that require a rod set that can be used both as a linear trap and a mass filter, these rod sets may offer improved trap performance while still being capable of providing conventional mass analysis. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ELECTRODES, LINEAR ION-TRAP, OF-FLIGHT SYSTEM, PERFORMANCE, SPATIAL HARMONICS, SPECTROMETER},
	isbn = {0951-4198},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000186495300007},
	author = {Ding, C. F. and Konenkov, N. V. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {546,
	title = {Behavioral and neurological correlates of ALS-parkinsonism dementia complex in adult mice fed washed cycad flour},
	journal = {Neuromolecular Medicine},
	volume = {1},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 608VHTimes Cited: 38Cited Reference Count: 42},
	pages = {207-221},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Consumption of cycad seed products (Cycas circinalis) is one of the strongest epidemiological links to the Guamian neurological disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC), however, the putative toxin which causes neurodegeneration has never been identified definitively. To reexamine this issue, 6-7-mo-old, male CD-1 mice were assessed for motor and cognitive behaviours during and following feeding with pellets made from washed cycad flour. Cycad-fed animals showed early evidence of progressive motor and cognitive dysfunctions. Neurodegeneration measured using TUNEL and caspase-3 labeling was found in neocortex, various hippocampal fields, substantia nigra, olfactory bulb, and spinal cord. In vitro studies using rat neocortex have identified toxic compounds in washed cycad flour that induce depolarizing field potentials and lead to release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), both blocked by AP5. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry of cycad flour samples failed to show appreciable amounts of other known cycad toxins, cycasin, MAM, or BMAA; only trace amounts of BOAA were present. Isolation procedures employing these techniques identified the most toxic component as P-sitosterol beta-D-glucoside (BSSG). The present data suggest that a neurotoxin, or a toxic metabolite, not previously identified in cycad, is able to gain access to central nervous system (CNS) resulting in neurodegeneration of specific neural populations and in motor and cognitive dysfunctions. These data are consistent with a number of major features of ALS-PDC in humans.},
	keywords = {ALS, ALS-PDC, Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS, BMAA, CORTEX, cycad, dementia, DISEASE, GUAM, HIPPOCAMPUS, MAZE, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, NEUROTOXIN, parkinsonism, PERFORMANCE, RATS},
	isbn = {1535-1084},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000178867500005},
	author = {Wilson, J. M. B. and Khabazian, I. and Wong, M. C. and Seyedalikhani, A. and Bains, J. S. and Pasqualotto, B. A. and Williams, D. E. and Andersen, R. J. and Simpson, R. J. and Smith, R. and Craig, U. K. and Kurland, L. T. and Shaw, C. A.}
}
@article {5190,
	title = {Ion fragmentation in an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer interface with different gases},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 405PTTimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 43},
	pages = {249-257},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Nitrogen, argon, and krypton are used as curtain gases in an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in an attempt to study the effect of these gases on the extent of ion fragmentation between the orifice and the skimmer of the interface region. A previously published collision model predicts that the degree of ion fragmentation increases with increasing mass of the curtain gas. However, the fragmentation yields are found to be the opposite to that expected. It is believed that the reversed trend with argon and krypton is caused by condensation of the gases within the free jet expansion between the orifice and the skimmer. A condensation parameter can be used to predict the degree of clustering of gases within a free jet expansion. When the condensation parameter is minimized, the predicted trend of fragmentation with mass is observed. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {CONDENSATION, FREE-JET EXPANSIONS, INDUCED DISSOCIATION, LIQUID-HELIUM CLUSTERS, MYOGLOBIN, PERFORMANCE, PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY, TECHNOLOGY, TEMPERATURE},
	isbn = {0951-4198},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167168800002},
	author = {Schneider, B. S. and Douglas, D. J. and Chan, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {4921,
	title = {Characterization of dissolved tannins and their metal-ion complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	volume = {411},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 305EYTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {May},
	pages = {91-102},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to characterize metal-complexing ligands derived from tannic acid, a component of natural dissolved organic matter. Complexes formed by tannin ligands with copper and other biogeochemically important metals were identified from the mass-to-charge ratios of the corresponding deprotonated molecular ions, allowing stoichiometry and metal oxidation state to be determined. Ligand ion intensities were proportional to tannic acid concentration, with detection limits on the order of 5 nM for individual compounds in 50:50 water/acetonitrile. The relative abundance of free ligand and complex ions indicated the degree of complexation under different solution conditions (metal concentration, pH, ionic strength). Using tandem mass spectrometry, the structure and principal copper binding site for one of the tannins were also determined, providing unique information with regard to metal complexation by these polyfunctional ligands. The technique can be combined with high performance liquid chromatography for on-line separation of dissolved organic compounds. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach for characterizing the different classes of metal-complexing ligands found in natural waters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, COMPLEXATION, copper, electrospray ionization, high performance liquid, iron, LIGANDS, MASS SPECTROMETRY, metal-ion complexes, NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS, ORGANIC, PERFORMANCE, PROTEINS, REGIOSELECTIVE MONO-OXIDATION, SPECIATION, STOICHIOMETRY, tannins, TOXICITY, trace metals},
	isbn = {0003-2670},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086527500011},
	author = {Ross, A. R. S. and Ikonomou, M. G. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {4222,
	title = {A new linear ion trap time-of-flight system with tandem mass spectrometry capabilities},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {20},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 130DBTimes Cited: 92Cited Reference Count: 64},
	pages = {1463-1474},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new hybrid linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been constructed and the first results for tandem-in-time MS/MS in a 2-dimensional Paul trap are presented. The instrument consists of an electrospray ionization source and two radio frequency (RF) only quadrupoles operating at a pressure of 7 mTorr N-2 which are coupled orthogonally to a linear TOFMS. Ions are trapped in an RF-only quadrupole through the application of timed stopping potentials on the entrance and exit apertures. Through the coupling of an auxiliary waveform generator on one pair of the ion trap rods a small dipolar excitation voltage is superimposed on the quadrupolar electric field. This voltage is used for precursor isolation via broadband excitation and collision induced dissociation through mass selective resonant excitation. Instrumental performance and choice of operating parameters are demonstrated by recording fragment spectra for +3 ions of renin substrate and fl ions of reserpine. TOFMS mass resolution (m/Delta m)(FWHM) is as high as 740 at m/z = 609. Fragmentation efficiency is greater than 50\% and excitation mass resolution is 60-75. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {DECOMPOSITION, EJECTION, ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION, FREQUENCY STANDARD APPLICATIONS, MOLECULE REACTION, PARAMETERS, PERFORMANCE, PROTEINS, QUADRUPOLE, RESONANCE, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0951-4198},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076503200007},
	author = {Campbell, J. M. and Collings, B. A. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {7175,
	title = {ATOMIC EXCITATION IN A JET-ASSISTED GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA PLUME},
	journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy},
	volume = {47},
	number = {11},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: JN613Times Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1287-1307},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A jet-assisted glow discharge emission source has previously been shown to suffer from self-absorption when the viewing axis is orientated in line with the support gas flow. This problem can be alleviated by rotating the viewing axis 90-degrees so that the absorption path length is significantly reduced; however, in viewing side-on, line-of-sight measurements of the plasma plume can be accomplished no closer than 25 mm from the sample surface due to geometry limitations. At this axial distance from the sample, the plume shows no Ar 11 emission, which differentiates it from the negative glow. Furthermore. evidence was found that the plume possesses features similar to flowing afterglows: energy is transported from the negative glow to the plume through argon metastable atoms. The collision of two metastable argon atoms produces ionization to the ground state of the argon ion, deactivation to the ground state of the argon atom and an energetic electron (7.32-7.68 eV) which is capable of exciting sputtered atoms. A strong correlation is observed between the square of the argon metastable population and the emission intensity for Cu I and Zn I as the jet flow rate is manipulated.},
	keywords = {ARGON, ICP, ION-SOURCE, LAMP, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE, STATE},
	isbn = {0584-8547},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JN61300005},
	author = {Banks, P. R. and Blades, M. W.}
}
