@article {936,
	title = {Iodide effects in transition metal catalyzed reactions},
	journal = {Dalton Transactions},
	number = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 865WTTimes Cited: 16Cited Reference Count: 153},
	pages = {3409-3419},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {The unique properties of I- allow it to be involved in several different ways in reactions catalyzed by the late transition metals: in the oxidative addition, the migration, and the coupling/reductive elimination steps, as well as in substrate activation. Most steps are accelerated by I- (for example through an increased nucleophilicity of the metal center), but some are retarded, because a coordination site is blocked. The "soft" iodide ligand binds more strongly to soft metals (low oxidation state, electron rich, and polarizable) such as the later and heavier transition metals, than do the other halides, or N- and O-centered ligands. Hence in a catalytic cycle that includes the metal in a formally low oxidation state there will be less tendency for the metal to precipitate ( and be removed from the cycle) in the presence of I- than most other ligands. Iodide is a good nucleophile and is also easily and reversibly oxidized to I-2. In addition, I- can play key roles in purely organic reactions that occur as part of a catalytic cycle. Thus to understand the function of iodide requires careful analysis, since two or sometimes more effects occur in different steps of one single cycle. Each of these topics is illustrated with examples of the influence of iodide from homogeneous catalytic reactions in the literature: methanol carbonylation to acetic acid and related reactions; CO hydrogenation; imine hydrogenation; and C-C and C-N coupling reactions. General features are summarised in the Conclusions.},
	keywords = {ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION, BETA-KETO-ESTERS, CARBON-MONOXIDE, DETECT SPECIES PRESENT, HIGHLY ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION, METHANOL CARBONYLATION, OXIDATIVE-ADDITION, PARAHYDROGEN INDUCED, polarization, QUATERNARY ONIUM SALTS, REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION},
	isbn = {1477-9226},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224735600001},
	author = {Maitlis, P. M. and Haynes, A. and James, Brian R. and Catellani, M. and Chiusoli, G. P.}
}
@article {567,
	title = {Observation of muonium in zeolites},
	journal = {Physica B-Condensed Matter},
	volume = {326},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 643VHTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 129th International Conference on Munon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR)JUN 03-07, 2002WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {64-67},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Muonium has been directly detected over a range of temperatures and fields by transverse field muSR in different zeolites: 3A, 13X, USY, ZSM-5, and S-115 (a high-silica form of ZSM-5), as well as in silica gel. The polarizations determined from data at 75 and 150 G were independent of both field and temperature. The amounts of Mu seen vary from similar to20\% to 40\%, with a large missing fraction seen in every case, which may be partly due to slow Mu formation. There is also a fast Mu relaxation rate seen in all samples. This is the first direct observation of Mu in zeolites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CYCLOHEXADIENYL RADICALS, muonium, polarization, relaxation, zeolite},
	isbn = {0921-4526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180881600014},
	author = {Arseneau, D. J. and Fleming, Donald G. and Fyfe, C. A. and Senba, M.}
}
@article {3926,
	title = {Cationic lanthanide complexes of N,N{\textquoteright}-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N{\textquoteright}-diacetic acid (H(2)bped)},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {36},
	number = {7},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WQ490Times Cited: 22Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1316-1321},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of monocationic lanthanide complexes containing the ligand N,N{\textquoteright}-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N{\textquoteright}-diacetate(2-) (bped(2-)) have been prepared and isolated as either the hexafluorophosphate or perchlorate salts. The complexes have been characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR, +LSIMS, IR, and elemental analysis. Complex formation constants have been measured in water at 25 degrees C (mu = 0.16 M (NaCl)). log K (Ln(bped)](+)) (log K([Ln(bped)(OH)])): Ln = La, 10.81 (0.06); Ln = Nd, 11.99 (1.45); Ln = Gd, 12.37 (2.10); Ln = Ho, 12.31 (3.00); Ln = Yb, 13.32 (4.43). The stability constants for [M(bped)](+) increase from La(III) to Nd(III), plateau to Ho(III), and increase again to Yb(III), while the formation constants for [Ln(bped)(OH)] increase almost linearly with atomic number. The solution structures of the [Ln(bped)](+) complexes have been probed by multinuclear NMR (H-1, C-13, O-17) studies, and these indicate only one isomer present in solution; this isomer has 2-fold symmetry and is rigid at 20 degrees C on the NMR time scale. O-17 NMR studies of the paramagnetic lanthanides indicate that the hydration number is 3, [Ln(bped)(H2O)(2)](+), and that an overall coordination number of 9 is maintained across the lanthanide series.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, CARBOXYLATES, COMPLEXES, COORDINATION-NUMBER, EDTA, GADOLINIUM(III), NMR, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, polarization, SHIFT-REAGENTS, SHIFTS, WATER-MOLECULES},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WQ49000007},
	author = {Caravan, P. and Mehrkhodavandi, Parisa and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {3926,
	title = {Cationic lanthanide complexes of N,N{\textquoteright}-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N{\textquoteright}-diacetic acid (H(2)bped)},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {36},
	number = {7},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WQ490Times Cited: 22Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1316-1321},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of monocationic lanthanide complexes containing the ligand N,N{\textquoteright}-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N{\textquoteright}-diacetate(2-) (bped(2-)) have been prepared and isolated as either the hexafluorophosphate or perchlorate salts. The complexes have been characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR, +LSIMS, IR, and elemental analysis. Complex formation constants have been measured in water at 25 degrees C (mu = 0.16 M (NaCl)). log K (Ln(bped)](+)) (log K([Ln(bped)(OH)])): Ln = La, 10.81 (0.06); Ln = Nd, 11.99 (1.45); Ln = Gd, 12.37 (2.10); Ln = Ho, 12.31 (3.00); Ln = Yb, 13.32 (4.43). The stability constants for [M(bped)](+) increase from La(III) to Nd(III), plateau to Ho(III), and increase again to Yb(III), while the formation constants for [Ln(bped)(OH)] increase almost linearly with atomic number. The solution structures of the [Ln(bped)](+) complexes have been probed by multinuclear NMR (H-1, C-13, O-17) studies, and these indicate only one isomer present in solution; this isomer has 2-fold symmetry and is rigid at 20 degrees C on the NMR time scale. O-17 NMR studies of the paramagnetic lanthanides indicate that the hydration number is 3, [Ln(bped)(H2O)(2)](+), and that an overall coordination number of 9 is maintained across the lanthanide series.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, CARBOXYLATES, COMPLEXES, COORDINATION-NUMBER, EDTA, GADOLINIUM(III), NMR, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, polarization, SHIFT-REAGENTS, SHIFTS, WATER-MOLECULES},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WQ49000007},
	author = {Caravan, P. and Mehrkhodavandi, Parisa and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {2750,
	title = {DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION OF ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS - IS THERE REALLY A KINETIC DIELECTRIC DECREMENT},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {98},
	number = {6},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: KU222Times Cited: 31Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {4959-4966},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The dielectric behavior of model electrolyte solutions is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. For the systems considered, it is found that the zero-frequency dielectric constant depends only on equilibrium properties and that there is no measurable {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}kinetic dielectric decrement.{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} A theoretical explanation of the simulation results is presented. It is argued that no kinetic dielectric decrement exists for spherical ions in solvents of arbitrary molecular symmetry.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES, COMPUTER-SIMULATION, CONSTANT, DISPERSION, DYNAMICS, ELECTROSTATIC SYSTEMS, friction, MOLECULAR THEORY, PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS, polarization},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993KU22200067},
	author = {Chandra, A. and Wei, D. Q. and Patey, G. N.}
}
@article {6959,
	title = {CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANAR LATTICES OF DIPOLES AND THE POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO THE HYDRATION FORCE},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	volume = {43},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FD045Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {2953-2962},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The electrostatic interaction between two planar dipolar lattices in dielectric continua is investigated. If there are no dielectric images, the pressure is equally likely to be attractive or repulsive, depending upon the relative lateral displacement of the two lattices. In addition to perfect dipolar lattices, we consider the effects of real dipoles, of disorder, and of finite-sized domains. When the surfaces constitute the boundary between dielectric media, and when there are no correlations between the two surfaces, then there occurs a strong exponentially decaying repulsion due to the interaction between a lattice and its dielectric images. The relevance of this repulsion to the hydration force is discussed, and an experimental test that should discriminate between different theories for that force is proposed.},
	keywords = {BILAYER SYSTEMS, DEPENDENCE, DOUBLE-LAYER, ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS, MICA, MOBILE, MODEL, ORIENTABLE DIPOLES, polarization, SURFACES, WATER},
	isbn = {1050-2947},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FD04500037},
	author = {Attard, P. and Patey, G. N.}
}
