@article {3825,
	title = {Pyrrolic photosensitizers},
	journal = {Current Medicinal Chemistry},
	volume = {3},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VE317Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 172},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {239-272},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {There are three major classes of photosensitizers which can initiate a phototoxic effect to tissues upon irradiation. These are the cationic dyes (Type I Photosensitizer), the psoralens (Type I and II Photosensitizer), and cyclic polypyrrolic compounds (Type II Photosensitizer). The polypyrrolic compounds such as porphyrins have been investigated since the late 1800{\textquoteright}s for their ability to destroy tissue. In the last ten years, compounds such as chlorins and expanded porphyrins have begun to dominate the preclinical field because they can be activated with light at wavelengths tissue does not effectively absorb. The results of these investigation have been reported in more than 10,000 papers in the field covering aspects from mechanisms of action, photophysics, structure activity relationships, new compound development and clinical investigations. With the approval of PHOTOFRIN(R), (porfimer sodium), the first of the pyrrolic compounds to win acceptance by international regulatory bodies and with nearly 10 other second generation compounds undergoing early clinical trials for diseases ranging from esophageal and skin cancers to age related macular degeneration, the field of photodynamic therapy would seem to have a bright future.},
	keywords = {BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES, capillary electrophoresis, ENDOGENOUS, M-THPC, MOUSE-TUMOR MODEL, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, PHOTOFRIN-II, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, PROTOPORPHYRIN, RING-A BPD, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION},
	isbn = {0929-8673},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VE31700002},
	author = {Sternberg, E. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {3618,
	title = {Structure and biodistribution relationships of photodynamic sensitizers},
	journal = {Photochemistry and Photobiology},
	volume = {64},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VG533Times Cited: 269Cited Reference Count: 77},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {469-485},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has, during the last quarter century, developed into a fully fledged biomedical field with its own association, the International Photodynamic Association (TPA) and regular conferences devoted solely to this topic, Recent approval of the first PDT sensitizer, Photofrin(R) (porfiner sodium), by health boards in Canada, Japan, the Netherlands and United States for use against certain types of solid tumors represents, perhaps, the single most significant indicator of the progress of PDT from a laboratory research concept to clinical reality. The approval of Photofrin(R) will undoubtedly encourage the accelerated development of second-generation photosensitizers, which have recently been the subject of intense study, Many of these second-generation drugs show significant differences, when compared to Photofrin(R), in terms of treatment times postinjection, light doses and drug doses required for optimal results, These differences can ultimately be attributed to variations in either the quantum efficiency of the photosensitizer in situ, which is in turn affected by aggregation state, localized concentration of endogenous quenchers and primary photophysics of the dye, or the intratumoral and intracellular localization of the photosensitizer at the time of activation with light, The purpose of this review is to bring together data relating to the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of second-generation sensitizers and attempt to correlate this with structural and electronic features of these molecules, As this requires a clear knowledge of photosensitizer structure, only chemically well-characterized compounds are included, e,g. Photofrin(R) and crude sulfonated phthalocyanines have been excluded as they are known to be complex mixtures, Nonporphyrin-based photosensitizers, e,g, rose bengal and the hypericins, have also been omitted to allow meaningful comparisons to be made between different compounds, As the intracellular distribution of photosensitizers to organelles and other subcellular structures can have a large effect on PDT efficacy, a section will be devoted to this topic.},
	keywords = {CHLORIN-E6, HUMAN-MALIGNANT TUMOR, IN-VIVO FLUORESCENCE, L-ASPARTYL, LASER SCANNING, LIPOSOME-DELIVERED SI(IV)-NAPHTHALOCYANINE, microscopy, MOUSE-TUMOR MODEL, PHOTOSENSITIZING PROPERTIES, RING-A BPD, SULFONATED ALUMINUM PHTHALOCYANINES, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION},
	isbn = {0031-8655},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VG53300012},
	author = {Boyle, R. W. and Dolphin, D.}
}
