@article {596,
	title = {Correlation of photosensitizer delivery to lipoproteins and efficacy in tumor and arthritis mouse models; comparison of lipid-based and Pluronic P123 formulations},
	journal = {Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences},
	volume = {6},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 729PJTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 16},
	month = {May-Aug},
	pages = {198-204},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was the use of animal models to demonstrate the importance of drug delivery (verteporfin) to plasma lipopropteins in order to attain efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. METHODS. Photosensitzers appropriately formulated in various vehicles such as pluronics and lipid-based systems were compared to delivery of the drug in DMSO in two in vivo systems. The first was a tumor model using male DBA/2 mice inoculated intradermally with M1 rhabdomyosarcoma cells and in the second, arthritis in the MRL-lpr mouse strain was enhanced by two intradermal injections of complete Freunds adjunct. RESULTS. Those formulations in which the drug was in a monomeric form were better able to transfer drug to lipoproteins, which in turn led to superior PDT in vivo. CONCLUSIONS. The ability to introduce drug in monomeric form into the circulation correlates well with efficacy of photosensitizer formulations in mouse arthritis and tumor models.},
	keywords = {AGGREGATION, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, SURFACTANTS},
	isbn = {1482-1826},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185782200003},
	author = {Chowdhary, R. K. and Sharif, I. and Chansarkar, N. and Dolphin, D. and Ratkay, L. and Delaney, S. and Meadows, H.}
}
@article {597,
	title = {Drug release characteristics of lipid based benzoporphyrin derivative},
	journal = {Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 679QJTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 17},
	month = {Jan-Apr},
	pages = {13-19},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the transfer of verteporfin (BPDMA) from its lipid based formulation to serum proteins. METHODS. As a result of BPDMA being confined to the lipid phase, it was found that fluorescence from the photosensitizer was highly concentration quenched. This phenomenon was used to demonstrate rapid transfer of lipid-based drug to various plasma components such as albumin and lipoproteins. Gel electrophoresis was used to show transfer of drug to lipoproteins. RESULTS. Loss of fluorescence quenching showed rapid transfer of the drug from its lipid based formulation to serum proteins. Gel electrophoresis showed that both the drug and phospholipid components were transferred to the lipoprotein fraction concurrently. The electrophoretic mobility of plasma lipoproteins was increased as a result of their interaction with lipid-based BPDMA. It was also shown that the lipid-based structures were readily destabilized in the presence of relatively low concentrations of plasma, and that liposomes of this lipid composition were highly unlikely to be found intact in the circulation following intravenous injection. CONCLUSIONS. Verteporfin is rapidly transferred from its lipid based formulation to serum proteins. This rapid transfer, particularly to lipoproteins, provides a mechanism for its rapid delivery to cells.},
	keywords = {DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, DESTABILIZATION, LIPOSOMES, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, PROTEIN, TUMORS},
	isbn = {1482-1826},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000182933200002},
	author = {Chowdhary, R. K. and Shariff, I. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {3825,
	title = {Pyrrolic photosensitizers},
	journal = {Current Medicinal Chemistry},
	volume = {3},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VE317Times Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 172},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {239-272},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {There are three major classes of photosensitizers which can initiate a phototoxic effect to tissues upon irradiation. These are the cationic dyes (Type I Photosensitizer), the psoralens (Type I and II Photosensitizer), and cyclic polypyrrolic compounds (Type II Photosensitizer). The polypyrrolic compounds such as porphyrins have been investigated since the late 1800{\textquoteright}s for their ability to destroy tissue. In the last ten years, compounds such as chlorins and expanded porphyrins have begun to dominate the preclinical field because they can be activated with light at wavelengths tissue does not effectively absorb. The results of these investigation have been reported in more than 10,000 papers in the field covering aspects from mechanisms of action, photophysics, structure activity relationships, new compound development and clinical investigations. With the approval of PHOTOFRIN(R), (porfimer sodium), the first of the pyrrolic compounds to win acceptance by international regulatory bodies and with nearly 10 other second generation compounds undergoing early clinical trials for diseases ranging from esophageal and skin cancers to age related macular degeneration, the field of photodynamic therapy would seem to have a bright future.},
	keywords = {BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES, capillary electrophoresis, ENDOGENOUS, M-THPC, MOUSE-TUMOR MODEL, PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, PHOTOFRIN-II, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, PROTOPORPHYRIN, RING-A BPD, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION},
	isbn = {0929-8673},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VE31700002},
	author = {Sternberg, E. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {3017,
	title = {1993 SYNTEX-AWARD LECTURE - PHOTOMEDICINE AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {72},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NN830Times Cited: 84Cited Reference Count: 47},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1005-1013},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the treatment of diseased tissue and cells using a photosensitizer and visible light. Such photomedical treatments have been known since the time of the ancient Egyptians but it was only just this year that this therapeutic modality was made available to modern medicine with the approval, in Canada, of Photofrin(R) for the treatment of bladder cancer. This paper reviews PDT with an emphasis on drug development, particulary for the second generation drugs, especially BPDMA (benzoporphyrin derivative-mono acid), which is now in human clinical trials.},
	keywords = {BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES, CELLS, HEMATOPORPHYRIN, INACTIVATION, MICE, PHOTOSENSITIZATION, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, porphyrins, PROTEIN DAMAGE, PROTOPORPHYRIN},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NN83000001},
	author = {Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {7102,
	title = {PHOTOSENSITIZING POTENCY OF STRUCTURAL ANALOGS OF BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE (BPD) IN A MOUSE-TUMOR MODEL},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	volume = {63},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ER853Times Cited: 85Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {87-93},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The in vivo characteristics of four analogues of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) have been investigated. Biodistribution data obtained in DBA/2J mice with BPD-MA (monoacid ring A analogue) which had been tritiated or internally labelled with C-14 showed that both labelled materials acted in an essentially identical manner during the period of study. Biodistribution and clearance studies showed that relative distribution in a variety of mouse tissues was similar for all BPD analogues. M1 tumour cells (rhabdomyosarcoma in DBA/2J mice) taken from tumours excised from animals treated 3 h earlier with BPD, and tested in vitro for photosensitivity provided evidence that significant levels of photosensitiser detected in tumour was both active and associated with tumour cells. The monoacid forms of BPD were found to be much more photodynamically active in this test that were the diacid analogues. The ability of the analogues to ablate tumours in mice by photodynamic therapy was also tested. Again, BPD-MA and BPD-MB proved to be measurably better than the diacid analogues. These findings are discussed in reference to structural and physical differences between the analogues.},
	keywords = {HEMATOPORPHYRIN, PHOTOFRIN-II, PHTHALOCYANINES, PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS, porphyrins, TOXICITY},
	isbn = {0007-0920},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991ER85300018},
	author = {Richter, A. M. and Waterfield, E. and Jain, A. K. and Allison, B. and Sternberg, E. D. and Dolphin, D. and Levy, J. G.}
}
