@article {4534,
	title = {Methylated bismuth in the environment},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 243BTTimes Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 424th International Conference on Biological and Environmental Aspects of Main Group OrganometallicsJUN, 1998ODENSE, DENMARK},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {739-748},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Biomethylation of metals and metalloids of Group 14 and 15 metals such as tin, lead and arsenic takes place in the environment, but information about methylated bismuth compounds is rather limited, although bismuth compounds are used widely in alloys, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, Cryotrapping gas chromatography and hydride generation gas chromatography coupled with an ICP-MS as a bismuth-selective detector were used to determine volatile bismuth compounds in landfill and in sewage gas, as well as non-volatile methylated compounds in water and sediment samples, One volatile bismuth compound could be determined in gaseous samples; it was identified as Me3Bi (TMB) by element-specific detection (ICP-MS, m/z 209), matching the retention time with a TMB standard. The molecular structure was recently confirmed by gas-chromatographic fractionation with MS-ion trap detection (electron impact), Among other volatile metal compounds, TMB is a major component in the gases of sewage sludge digesters: concentrations of up to 25 mu g m(-3) have been measured at eight sewage treatment plants, The concentration in landfill gas was approximately one order of magnitude lower. In laboratory experiments, fermenters containing an anaerobic culture from a clean pond sludge were mixed with contaminated soil from four different industrial areas, After an incubation time of two weeks at 30 degrees C in the dark, TMB was detected in the headspace of all the samples, The volatilization rate of bismuth did mot correlate with the total amount of bismuth: in the sediments or with the available fraction after acid digestion following hydride generation. Some evidence was obtained for the occurrence of methylated bismuth compounds in water samples and in sediments, Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION, BIOMETHYLATION, BISMUTH, deposits, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, ICP-MS, landfill gas, PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY, sewage gas, SPECIATION, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082977800010},
	author = {Feldmann, J. and Krupp, E. M. and Glindemann, D. and Hirner, A. V. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4287,
	title = {Metal(loid)organic compounds in geothermal gases and waters},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {29},
	number = {5-7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 156HQTimes Cited: 48Cited Reference Count: 5918th International Meeting on Organic GeochemistrySEP 22-26, 1997MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDSEuropean Assoc Organ Geochemists},
	pages = {1765-1778},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Volatile metal(loid)organic species of geogenic and anthropogenic origin are analyzed by low temperature gas chromatography coupled on-line with plasma mass spectrometry (LTGC/ICP MS) with detection limits in the higher pg-range (per m(3) gas). In respect to the determination of aqueous samples, this instrumental technique is combined with sample derivatization by the hydride generation technique. Volatile species of As, Sb, Sr and I could be detected in gases over hot springs in British Columbia (Canada). Methylated species of Hg, Ge, As, Sb and Te were also determined in concentrations in the ng/kg- to low mu g/kg-range in geothermal waters from Ruapehu, Waimangu, Waiotapu and Tokaanu (North Island, New Zealand); up to 1\% of the total dissolved metal(loid)s are found in methylated forms. Volatile metal(loid)organic species of geogenic origin are compared with those emanating from anthropogenic sources (waste and sewage gases, river and harbor sediments). Possible formation mechanisms for these compounds are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, British Columbia, ENVIRONMENT, geothermal, hot springs, mercury, metal(loid)organic compounds, methylmercury, NATURAL-WATERS, New Zealand, NEW-ZEALAND, SEDIMENTS, sewage gases, VOLATILE METAL, volatile species, WASTE DEPOSITS, WASTE GASES, WATERS},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077995900056},
	author = {Hirner, A. V. and Feldmann, J. and Krupp, E. and Grumping, R. and Goguel, R. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4183,
	title = {The production of methylated organoantimony compounds by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 149RQTimes Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {827-842},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Cultures of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in antimony-rich media. Although volatile compounds of other elements were readily detected in the culture headspace, volatile antimony compounds were formed irreproducibly and at only ultratrace levels. In order to monitor the media for nonvolatile methylantimony compounds, a method of sample preparation was developed, based on solid-phase extraction. This enabled the separation of large quantities of soluble inorganic antimony species from trace amounts of organo-antimony compounds before speciation by HG-GC-AAS, By this methodology methylated antimony compounds were detected at concentrations of 0.8- 7.1 mu g Sbl(-1) in all media in which S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(III) compounds. These methylantimony species were not detected in any of the nonliving or medium-only controls. Methylated compounds were not detected where S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(V) compounds. This is the first study to show that antimony(III) compounds are biomethylated by S. brevicaulis under aerobic-only growth conditions. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, GASES, GENERATION, hydride, HYDRIDE GENERATION, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, LAKE-BIWA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, SPECIATION, sudden, volatile antimony, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE DEPOSITS},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077619500006},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, E.}
}
