@article {4718,
	title = {Antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: characterization of intermediates and the methyl donor},
	journal = {Chemosphere},
	volume = {41},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 345WVTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1717-1725},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulauiopsis brevicaulis biomethylates inorganic antimony(III) compounds to trimethylstibine, that can be detected in culture headspace gases. Dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species have been detected in the medium of these cultures, but the origin of these species was controversial. We now show that the dimethylantimony species is a true intermediate on the pathway to trimethylstibine (rather than arising from trimethylstibine oxidation or as an analytical artifact) because no dimethylantimony species are formed on trimethylstibine oxidation, as determined by using HG-GC-AAS. Furthermore, the dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species can be separated, by using anion exchange chromatography, and so the dimethylantimony species is not an analytical artifact, formed during the hydride generation process. The antimony biomethylation mechanism was further probed by measuring incorporation of the methyl group, from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine and CD3-D-methionine, into methylantimony species and, for comparison, into methylarsenic species. The percentage incorporation of the labeled methyl group into methylarsenic and methylantimony species was not significantly different. The incorporation from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine was 54\% and 47\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. The incorporation from CD3-D-methionine was 20\% and 16\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. It appears that the biomethylation of arsenic and antimony occur by very similar, perhaps identical, mechanisms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, arsenic, dimethylantimony, GENERATION, GROWTH, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, INORGANIC ANTIMONY, METHIONINE, RELEVANCE, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SPECIATION, trimethylantimony, TRIMETHYLARSINE, trimethylstibine, trimethylstibine oxidation},
	isbn = {0045-6535},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088838900002},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4461,
	title = {Methylantimony compound formation in the medium of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis cultures: (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine as a source of the methyl group},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 243BTTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 134th International Conference on Biological and Environmental Aspects of Main Group OrganometallicsJUN, 1998ODENSE, DENMARK},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {681-687},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis produces nonvolatile methylantimony compounds (found in the medium) when grown in antimony(III)-rich medium. To investigate the methyl source, (CD3)-C-13-labelled L-methionine was added to the growth medium. After one month sodium borohydride reduction of media samples produced dimethylstibine and trimethylstibine. The methylstibines were separated on a packed GC column and obtained as gaseous fractions. Analysis of the methylstibines, in the gaseous fractions, by CGC-MS (lion-trap) established (CD3)-C-13 incorporation in both the trimethyl-and dimethyl-antimony compounds. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY, COMPOUNDS, L-methionine, methylantimony, potassium antimony tartrate, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SPECIATION, species},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082977800003},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4183,
	title = {The production of methylated organoantimony compounds by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 149RQTimes Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {827-842},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Cultures of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in antimony-rich media. Although volatile compounds of other elements were readily detected in the culture headspace, volatile antimony compounds were formed irreproducibly and at only ultratrace levels. In order to monitor the media for nonvolatile methylantimony compounds, a method of sample preparation was developed, based on solid-phase extraction. This enabled the separation of large quantities of soluble inorganic antimony species from trace amounts of organo-antimony compounds before speciation by HG-GC-AAS, By this methodology methylated antimony compounds were detected at concentrations of 0.8- 7.1 mu g Sbl(-1) in all media in which S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(III) compounds. These methylantimony species were not detected in any of the nonliving or medium-only controls. Methylated compounds were not detected where S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(V) compounds. This is the first study to show that antimony(III) compounds are biomethylated by S. brevicaulis under aerobic-only growth conditions. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, GASES, GENERATION, hydride, HYDRIDE GENERATION, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, LAKE-BIWA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, SPECIATION, sudden, volatile antimony, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE DEPOSITS},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077619500006},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, E.}
}
@article {3002,
	title = {IDENTIFICATION OF EXTRACELLULAR ARSENICAL METABOLITES IN THE GROWTH-MEDIUM OF THE MICROORGANISMS APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA AND SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PD643Times Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {303-311},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The separation and identification of some of the arsenic species produced in cells present in the growth medium when the microorganisms Apiotrichum humicola (previously known as Candida humicola) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in the presence of arsenicals were achieved by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry methodology (HG GC AA). Arsenite, monomethylarsonate, dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide were detected following incubation with arsenate. With arsenite as a substrate, the metabolites were monomethylarsonate, dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide; monomethylarsonate afforded dimethylarsinate and trimethylarsine oxide, and dimethylarsinate afforded trimethylarsine oxide. Trimethylarsine was not detected when the arsenic concentration was 1 ppm.},
	keywords = {APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, arsenic, CANDIDA-HUMICOLA, DIMETHYULARSINATE, ENDOCELLULAR, EXTRACELLULAR, GROWTH MEDIUM, HYDRIDE GENERATION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, METHYLARSONATE, METHYLATION, mobility, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, TRIMETHYLARSINE, TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PD64300003},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, H. and Hewitt, G. and Reimer, K. J. and Zalunardo, N.}
}
