@article {4718,
	title = {Antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: characterization of intermediates and the methyl donor},
	journal = {Chemosphere},
	volume = {41},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 345WVTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1717-1725},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The filamentous fungus Scopulauiopsis brevicaulis biomethylates inorganic antimony(III) compounds to trimethylstibine, that can be detected in culture headspace gases. Dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species have been detected in the medium of these cultures, but the origin of these species was controversial. We now show that the dimethylantimony species is a true intermediate on the pathway to trimethylstibine (rather than arising from trimethylstibine oxidation or as an analytical artifact) because no dimethylantimony species are formed on trimethylstibine oxidation, as determined by using HG-GC-AAS. Furthermore, the dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species can be separated, by using anion exchange chromatography, and so the dimethylantimony species is not an analytical artifact, formed during the hydride generation process. The antimony biomethylation mechanism was further probed by measuring incorporation of the methyl group, from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine and CD3-D-methionine, into methylantimony species and, for comparison, into methylarsenic species. The percentage incorporation of the labeled methyl group into methylarsenic and methylantimony species was not significantly different. The incorporation from (CD3)-C-13-L-methionine was 54\% and 47\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. The incorporation from CD3-D-methionine was 20\% and 16\% for antimony and arsenic, respectively. It appears that the biomethylation of arsenic and antimony occur by very similar, perhaps identical, mechanisms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, arsenic, dimethylantimony, GENERATION, GROWTH, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, INORGANIC ANTIMONY, METHIONINE, RELEVANCE, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SPECIATION, trimethylantimony, TRIMETHYLARSINE, trimethylstibine, trimethylstibine oxidation},
	isbn = {0045-6535},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088838900002},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4719,
	title = {Arsenic and antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Interaction of arsenic and antimony compounds},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320GXTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 26},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {2249-2253},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The biomethylation of arsenic by the filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is well documented, and the biomethylation of antimony by this fungus was recently established. However, in all the previous studies each metalloid was studied in isolation. Arsenic and antimony are often associated in the environment, and so an understanding of interactions between these elements is necessary. To this end, S. brevicaulis was grown in media containing mixtures of arsenic and antimony compounds in various proportions, and the principle nonvolatile biomethylation products (trimethylantimony and trimethylarsenic species) in the medium were quantified by using HG-GC-AAS. It was found that the yield of trimethylantimony compounds, obtained from the biomethylation of potassium antimony tartrate, was increased in the presence of sodium arsenite. The production of trimethylarsenic species from sodium arsenite was significantly inhibited in the presence of antimony (either as potassium antimony tartrate or antimony trioxide) at antimony concentrations too low to inhibit growth. This is although arsenic(III), in the absence of antimony, is much more readily biomethylated. That is 1.2-5.3\% of added arsenic is biomethylated by S. brevicaulis whereas only 0.0006-0.008\% of added antimony(III) is biomethylated over 1 month. Potassium hexahydroxyantimonate had no effect on arsenic biomethylation. The addition of potassium tartrate to cultures did not inhibit arsenic biomethylation. The biomethylation of sodium arsenate was not inhibited as much by antimony compounds. The inhibitory effect of antimony was found to be a function of the ratio of antimony to arsenic rather than the absolute amount of antimony.},
	keywords = {CONFIRMATION, CULTURES, HUMICOLA, HYDRIDE GENERATION, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, INORGANIC ANTIMONY, MICROORGANISMS, RELEVANCE, SPECIATION, SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087394400040},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
