@article {658,
	title = {Reductive dechlorination of weathered Aroclor 1260 during anaerobic biotreatment of Arctic soils},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Microbiology},
	volume = {49},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 654TDTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 23},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-14},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We investigated the microbial reductive dechlorination of both weathered (aged) and nonweathered (freshly added) Aroclor 1260 in aerobic soil from Resolution Island, Nunavut, Canada. Initial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were 106 and 100 ppm, respectively. The aerobic soil samples were inoculated with anaerobic sediment, incubated at 30degreesC until methanogenic, inoculated with a dechlorinating enrichment culture, and incubated a further 8 weeks. The average number of chlorine substituents per biphenyl molecule was biologically reduced from 6.6 to 5.1 and from 6.2 to 4.5 for weathered and nonweathered Aroclor 1260, respectively. Removal of hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls (CBs), the major homolog groups present, was significantly greater for nonweathered than for weathered Aroclor 1260. Formation of dechlorination products, primarily 2,2{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright}- and 2,2{\textquoteright},4,6{\textquoteright}-tetraCBs, was also significantly greater for nonweathered than for weathered Aroclor 1260. We additionally compared the dechlorination at 21degreesC of weathered Aroclor 1260 in soils from Resolution Island and Saglek, Labrador, Canada. The average number of chlorine substituents per biphenyl molecule was biologically reduced from 6.7 to 5.1 and from 6.5 to 4.6, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential for bioremediation of aerobic soil contaminated with Aroclor 1260 and showed that weathering may limit such treatment to an extent variable among different soils.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, META, MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION, MICROORGANISMS, PCB, PCBS, polychlorinated biphenyl, POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, SEDIMENTS},
	isbn = {0008-4166},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181511400002},
	author = {Kuipers, B. and Cullen, W. R. and Mohn, W. W.}
}
@article {4073,
	title = {Aerobic biodegradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls by arctic soil microorganisms},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {9},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XV510Times Cited: 28Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {3378-3384},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We examined the degradation of biphenyl an the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1221 by indigenous Arctic soil microorganisms to assess both the response of the soil microflora to PCB pollution and the potential of the microflora for bioremediation. In soil slurries, Arctic soil microflora and temperature-soil microflora had similar potentials to mineralize [C-14]biphenyl. Mineralization began sooner and was more extensive in slurries of PCB-contaminated Arctic soils than in slurries of uncontaminated Arctic soils. The maximum mineralization rates at 30 and 7 degrees C were typically 1.2 to 1.4 and 0.52 to 1.0 mg of biphenyl g of dry soil(-1) day(-1), respectively. Slurries of PCB-contaminated Arctic soils degraded Aroclor 1221 more extensively at 30 degrees C (71 to 76\% removal) than at 7 degrees C (14 to 40\% removal). We isolated from Arctic soils organisms that were capable of psychrotolerant (growing at 7 to 30 degrees C) or psychrophilic (growing at 7 to 15 degrees C) growth on biphenyl. Two psychrotolerant isolates extensively degraded Aroclor 1221 at 7 degrees C (54 to 60\% removal). The soil microflora and psychrotolerant isolates degraded all mono-, most di-, and some trichlorobiphenyl congeners. The results suggest that PCB pollution selected for biphenyl-mineralizing microorganisms in Arctic soils. While low temperatures severely limited Aroclor 1221 removal in slurries of Arctic soils, results with pure cultures suggest that more effective PCB biodegradation is possible under appropriate conditions.},
	keywords = {bioremediation, LOW-TEMPERATURES},
	isbn = {0099-2240},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XV51000007},
	author = {Mohn, W. W. and Westerberg, K. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3744,
	title = {Microbial degradation of pyrene and characterization of a metabolite},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {177},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TP870Times Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {17-29},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We report the degradation of pyrene by microorganisms present in sea water and sediment samples that were obtained from Kitimat Arm, BC, Canada, an environment that is highly contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons because of nearby aluminum smelting activity. The utilization of pyrene as sole carbon source by the microorganisms is demonstrated by monitoring the disappearance of pyrene and the production of its metabolite in the cultures. Pyrene (10 mu g) is degraded to an undetectable level after 120 h of incubation with 0.5 mi of the enriched culture and 10 ml of mineral salt medium. The extent of mineralization is also assessed by determining the radioactivity of the (CO2)-C-14 produced from the cultures containing C-14-labeled pyrene: up to 65\% of the pyrene is mineralized after 12 days of incubation. A metabolite that accumulates in the pyrene degradation cultures can be isolated. This metabolite is identified as cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, an initial ring oxidation product, on the basis of its chromatographic behavior, absorption spectrum, fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, and mass spectra.},
	keywords = {BACTERIAL, BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, cis-dihydrodiol pyrene, CONTAMINATED SOIL, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLITE, microbial degradation, MINERALIZATION, MYCOBACTERIUM SP, NAPHTHALENE, OXIDATION, PHENANTHRENE, polycyclic aromatic, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEDIMENT},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TP87000003},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J. and Le, X. C.}
}
@article {3004,
	title = {DEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE AND PYRENE BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENT AND SEAWATER},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {156},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PJ991Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {27-37},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Microorganisms which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene were isolated from both seawater and sediment samples collected from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada. Four strains from a seawater culture were isolated and examined. No additional PAH induction was necessary in the enrichment process, indicating that these PAH degrading microorganisms are previously exposed to PAHs in the environment under study. Microorganisms enriched with phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source also degraded pyrene readily. A metabolite, pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol was observed from pyrene degradation, and this metabolite was further degraded after pyrene was utilized by the microorganisms.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, CONTAMINATED, DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENT, ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, PAH, PHENANTHRENE, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, SOIL},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PJ99100004},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, X. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
