@article {2645,
	title = {Composition of the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers on Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Hamet et Perr. de la Bathie) leaves},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 475UKTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 26van Maarseveen, Clare Jetter, Reinhard},
	month = {May},
	pages = {899-906},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Epicuticular and intracuticular waxes from both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana were analyzed. All wax mixtures were found to contain approximately equal amounts of triterpenoids and very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) derivatives. The triterpenoid fraction consisted of glutinol (8-19\% of the total wax) and friedelin (4-9\%), together with smaller amounts of glutanol, glutinol acetate, epifriedelanol, germanicol and beta-amyrin. The VLCFA derivatives comprised C-27-C-35 alkanes (19-37\% of the total wax), C-32-C-34 aldehydes (3-7\%), C-32 and C-34 fatty acids (0.2-3\%), C-26-C-36 primary alcohols (4-8\%), and C-42-C-52 alkyl esters (2-9\%). The wax layers were found to differ in triterpenoid amounts, with the intracuticular wax containing higher percentages of most triterpenoids than the epicuticular wax. Friedelin, the only triterpenoid ketone present, showed the opposite distribution with higher proportions in the epicuticular wax. VLCFA derivatives also accumulated to higher percentages in the epicuticular than in the intracuticular wax layer. Epicuticular wax crystals were observed on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {chain length, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, Crassulaceae, DUDLEYA, friedelin, glutinol, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, LEAF CUTICULAR WAXES, leaf surface, PINNATA, PLANTS, STEROLS, SURFACES, SYNTHASE, triterpenoids, Very long chain fatty acids},
	isbn = {0031-9422},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000268386700009},
	author = {van Maarseveen, C. and Jetter, R.}
}
@article {877,
	title = {Arsenic uptake by the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesie)},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 880PLTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 26International Conference on Environmental and Biological Aspects of Main Group OrganometallicsDEC 03-05, 2003Pau, FRANCE},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {626-630},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesie) growing in an arsenic-rich gold-bearing region contains elevated arsenic concentrations in new-growth stems (374ppm dry weight (dw)) and needles (257ppm dw). Speciation of methanol-water extracts by using high-performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry show that arsenite is the major species in needles but arsenate is more dominant in stems. Only traces of methylarsenicals are present. Arsenic concentrations in other tree species growing in the region are generally much lower; dimethylarsinate was extracted from a spruce cone. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {accumulation, arsenic, CANADA, CONTAMINATED SOILS, Douglas fir, ENVIRONMENT, fern, gold mine, HPLC-ICP-MS, HYPERACCUMULATOR, PHYTOCHELATINS, PLANTS, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000225801600005},
	author = {Haug, C. M. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {420,
	title = {Sample extraction for arsenic speciation},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 641DMTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 47Joint Meetings of EnviroAnalysis 2002/48th International Conference on Analytical Sciences and SpectroscopyMAY 27-30, 2002TORONTO, CANADA},
	pages = {109-118},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The standard method used to determine arsenic species in solid samples is by using an extraction method that minimizes any operationally induced changes in chemical form. However, the use of such methods often results in less than complete extraction, with extraction efficiencies ranging from <1\% to 100\% for many types of samples. In this study the effect on extraction efficiency of the variables of total arsenic content, sample type and extraction method (methanol/water vs. simulated gastric conditions) were examined. The arsenic content in plant and deer mouse samples from Yellowknife, NT, as well as commercially available hijiki, an edible alga, and their extracts, was determined. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that extraction efficiencies are lower for both plants and mouse tissues that contain the highest levels of arsenic, and this trend persists in plants even when more exhaustive extraction methods (Le., Soxhlet extraction) are used. When the plant data was examined with respect to taxonomic groupings moss appeared to be extracted less efficiently than most other plants, and sedge and cattail appeared to be extracted most efficiently. An extraction method modeling human gastrointestinal conditions, gastric fluid extraction (GFE), was comparable to methanol/water extraction of plants with respect to amounts extracted and proportions of As(III) and As(V) present. However, methanol/water was used more efficiently to extract arsenic from wet hijiki than the GFE method. It is important to include information about extraction efficiency when discussing speciation of arsenic in a sample.},
	keywords = {ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION, arsenobetaine, BIOAVAILABILITY, CANADA, CERTIFIED-REFERENCE-MATERIALS, CONTAMINATED SOILS, ORGANISMS, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PLANTS, PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY, TERRESTRIAL},
	isbn = {1205-6685},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180729200004},
	author = {Koch, I. and Hough, C. and Mousseau, S. and Mir, K. and Rutter, A. and Ollson, C. and Lee, E. and Andrewes, P. and Granhchino, S. and Cullen, B. and Reimer, K.}
}
@article {4852,
	title = {Antimony species in environmental samples},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 335VQTimes Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 33},
	pages = {111-131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Antimony was extracted from environmental biota samples from Yellowknife, NWT and Meager Creek, BC, Canada. Extraction efficiencies ranged from 0.7 to 37\% for all samples except for a cattail sample, from which 95\% of antimony was extracted. Speciation analysis was carried out by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-GC-AAS). The major antimony species in all samples, including biota extracts and water, was Sb (V). Sb (III) and methylated antimony species were detected in some samples as well. The presence of methylated antimony species in moss from Yellowknife and a water sample from Yellowknife was confirmed by using HG-GC-AAS at a second absorption wavelength, increasing the likelihood that the peaks obtained are due to the presence of antimony compounds. A headspace HG-GC-mass spectrometric (MS) method was developed for the speciation of antimony compounds and this was used to successfully confirm methylantimony species in the headspace following HG of extracts of moss and snail samples from Yellowknife.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, GENERATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDRIDE GENERATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PLANTS, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, snails, SPECIATION, WATERS},
	isbn = {0306-7319},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088265800002},
	author = {Koch, I. and Wang, L. X. and Feldmann, J. and Andrewes, P. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4586,
	title = {Arsenic in the Meager Creek hot springs environment, British Columbia, Canada},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {236},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 243EGTimes Cited: 66Cited Reference Count: 59},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {101-117},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Levels of arsenic in water from Meager Creek hot springs, British Columbia, Canada, were found to be naturally elevated. Biota including microbial mats, green algae, sedge, cedar, fleabane, monkey flower, moss, mushrooms and lichens, that were expected to be impacted by the water, were analyzed for total levels of arsenic and for arsenic species. The major arsenic species extracted from all samples were arsenate and arsenite, which are toxic forms of arsenic. Additionally, small amounts of arsenosugars X and XI were detected in microbial mats and green algae, implying that cyanobacteria/bacteria, and possibly green algae are capable of synthesizing arsenosugars from arsenate. Low to trace amounts of arsenosugars X and XI were detected in lichens and the fungus Tarzetta cupularis. A large fraction (on average, greater than 50\%) of arsenic was not extracted by using methanol/water (1:1) and the chemical and toxicological significance of this arsenic remains unknown. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ALGA, arsenic, BIOACCUMULATION, BIOMETHYLATION, ESTUARINE WATERS, FATE, fungi, hot springs, microbial mats, ORGANISMS, ORIGIN, PLANTS, SPECIATION, WATER FOOD-CHAIN},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082983600008},
	author = {Koch, I. and Feldmann, J. and Wang, L. X. and Andrewes, P. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
