@inbook {2604,
	title = {Relaxation Behavior for the Lorentz Fokker Planck Equation: Model Cross Sections and Nonextensive Entropy},
	booktitle = {Rarefied Gas Dynamics},
	series = {Aip Conference Proceedings},
	volume = {1084},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: BJF97Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 19Shizgal, Bernie D.Proceedings Paper26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynmaics (RGD26)JUN 20-JUL 25, 2008Kyoto, JAPANJapan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy, Soc Promot Space Sci, Iwantani Naoji Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Kaijma Fdn, IHI Corp, IHI Aerospac Engn Co Ltd, Osaka Vaccuun Ltd, Nissin Inc2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA},
	pages = {39-44},
	publisher = {Amer Inst Physics},
	organization = {Amer Inst Physics},
	address = {Melville},
	abstract = {The relaxation behavior of a test particle in a background gas at equilibrium for which the test particle background particle mass ratio, m(t)/m(b) tends to zero, that is the Lorentz limit, is studied with the Lorentz-Fokker-Planck equation. This is the situation for electrons in inert gases. If there is also an applied electric field the stationary distribution is not the equilibrium Maxwellian. In the present paper, the evolution of the isotropic distribution function is studied with both a finite difference solution and one based on the expansion of the distribution function in the eigenfunctions of the Fokker-Planck operator. The eigenvalue spectrum depends strongly on the velocity dependence of the momentum transfer cross section in the Fokker-Planck equation. In particular, the spectrum is composed of a discrete spectrum and a continuum, and the continuum can dominate the spectrum. The role of the eigenvalue spectrum of this operator on the time evolution of the distribution function is studied. In particular, the time dependence of the entropy is determined and we show that the Kullback-Leibler entropy rationalizes the approach to a stationary distribution. The Tsallis non-extensive entropy is not required to explain the evolution of the distributions.},
	keywords = {Boltzmann equation, DEGRADATION, electron, Maxwell molecules, METHOD QDM, NONCLASSICAL BASIS FUNCTIONS, pseudospectral method, QUADRATURE DISCRETIZATION METHOD, quantum cross section, RARE-GAS MODERATORS, SUPRATHERMAL PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS, THERMALIZATION},
	isbn = {0094-243X978-0-7354-0615-5},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000265564800005},
	author = {Shizgal, B. D.},
	editor = {Abe, T.}
}
@article {664,
	title = {Demethylation of methylarsenic species by Mycobacterium neoaurum},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {11},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 737CBTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 26},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {831-834},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Mycobacterium neoaurum demethylates both methylarsonic acid and methylarsonous acid to mixtures of arsenate and arsenite. After 28 days of incubation, the yields of inorganic arsenic were 27\% from arsenate and 43\% from arsenite. A time study of the demethylation of methylarsonic acid by M. neoaurum showed that demethylation occurs rapidly during the growth and stationary phases of the bacterium, and indicates that MMA(V) is reductively demethylated to arsenite. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ACID, arsenic, ARSENICALS, ARSINE, CANDIDA-HUMICOLA, DEGRADATION, demethylation, METABOLITES, methylarsonic acid, methylarsonous acid, MICROORGANISMS, Mycobacterium neoaurum, RATS, REDUCTION, SOIL},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000186209800002},
	author = {Lehr, C. R. and Polishchuk, E. and Radoja, U. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4833,
	title = {Removal of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin model compounds and its effect on photostability},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 301QHTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 24},
	pages = {127-132},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The phenolic hydroxyl groups in the lignin model compounds, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, were removed by first converting the hydroxyl groups to the trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) and then cleaving the triflate substituents via catalytic hydrogen transfer. The products, 1-methoxy-3-propylbenzene and 3-methoxyacelophenone: were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The effect of the removal of the phenolic groups on the photostability of the model compounds was evaluated by impregnating the compounds into Whatman filter paper sheets, and subjecting them to an accelerated yellowing experiment in a UV chamber. The removal of the phenolic groups resulted in a significant yellowing inhibition, with a higher photostabilizing effect than methylation or acetylation of the hydroxyl, particularly for the model compound without an alpha-carbonyl group.},
	keywords = {ACETYLATION, DEGRADATION, DEOXYGENATION, GROUPS, HYDROGENATION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, METAL, METHYLATION, phenolic hydroxyl, photostability yellowing, REDUCTION},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086320500004},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Cairns, G. R. and James, Brian R.}
}
@article {4833,
	title = {Removal of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin model compounds and its effect on photostability},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 301QHTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 24},
	pages = {127-132},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The phenolic hydroxyl groups in the lignin model compounds, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, were removed by first converting the hydroxyl groups to the trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) and then cleaving the triflate substituents via catalytic hydrogen transfer. The products, 1-methoxy-3-propylbenzene and 3-methoxyacelophenone: were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The effect of the removal of the phenolic groups on the photostability of the model compounds was evaluated by impregnating the compounds into Whatman filter paper sheets, and subjecting them to an accelerated yellowing experiment in a UV chamber. The removal of the phenolic groups resulted in a significant yellowing inhibition, with a higher photostabilizing effect than methylation or acetylation of the hydroxyl, particularly for the model compound without an alpha-carbonyl group.},
	keywords = {ACETYLATION, DEGRADATION, DEOXYGENATION, GROUPS, HYDROGENATION, LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS, METAL, METHYLATION, phenolic hydroxyl, photostability yellowing, REDUCTION},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086320500004},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Cairns, G. R. and James, Brian R.}
}
@article {4316,
	title = {The coupling of electron thermalization and electron attachment in CCl4/Ar and CCl4/Ne mixtures},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {108},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YR488Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 61},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1587-1600},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The relaxation of a nonequilibrium distribution of electrons in a mixture of CCl4 with either Ar or Ne is studied. In this paper, electron-CCl4 and electron-inert gas elastic collisions, vibrationally inelastic collisions between electrons and CCl4, as well as the electron attachment reaction with CCl4, are included in the analysis. The time dependent electron energy distribution function is determined from the Boltzmann equation and the energy relaxation times are determined. The coupling of the thermalization process and the attachment process are discussed in detail. The results from the calculations are analyzed analogous to experimental studies, and the methodology of the experimental reduction of the data is studied. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {ARGON, CONDUCTIVITY, CROSS-SECTIONS, DEGRADATION, development, FIELD DEPENDENCE, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION, RARE-GAS MODERATORS, SF6, SWARM, TRANSPORT},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000071500300035},
	author = {Kowari, K. and Leung, K. and Shizgal, B. D.}
}
@article {4404,
	title = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in marine sediments near Kitimat, British Columbia},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {21},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 136GJTimes Cited: 28Cited Reference Count: 31},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {3266-3272},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), like many other hydrophobic organic contaminants, are rapidly sorbed to particles and incorporated within sediments in aquatic systems. The PAH composition within the sediments reflects the source(s) from which the PAHs were derived. However the "source signature" may be altered by postdepositional weathering or biodegradation. In the present study, variation in PAH composition was investigated in size-fractionated sediments and depth-fractionated sediments collected from a Canadian fjord contaminated with aluminum smelter derived PAHs. Multivariate analyses of PAH compositional data consistently showed that different sampling sites could he discriminated on the basis of their PAH composition, but smaller versus larger size fractions within a site could not. The composition of unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted PAHs in a sediment core primarily showed changes with depth that were attributable to enhancement of anthropogenic inputs in the upper core segments. No trends with sediment depth, associated with compound-specific weathering or biotransformation, were noted in the composition of anthropogenically generated PAHs. This may indicate a limited chemical and biological availability of the aluminum smelter derived PAHs.},
	keywords = {BAY, CANADA, COASTAL SEDIMENT, CRUDE-OIL, DEGRADATION, FLUXES, FRACTIONS, GEOCHEMISTRY, PAH, SMELTER},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076850200022},
	author = {Simpson, C. D. and Harrington, C. F. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {3745,
	title = {Bacterial transformation of pyrene in a marine environment},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UC413Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1115-1119},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The bacterial transformation of pyrene in an estuary environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada, was studied. A metabolite was separated from marine sediment and pore water samples and was id entified as cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene, based on a comparison of the metabolite with the authentic standard, by using both high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The presence of this key metabolite of dioxygenase-mediated transformation of pyrene, along with previous pyrene degradation studies using cultures isolated from the same sediment samples, suggests a possible in situ bacterial transformation of pyrene in the Kitimat Arm environment.},
	keywords = {ALASKA, BIODEGRADATION, DEGRADATION, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, OIL-SPILL BIOREMEDIATION, OXIDATION, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UC41300029},
	author = {Li, X. F. and Le, X. C. and Simpson, C. D. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3725,
	title = {On the existence of a steady electron distribution for systems with electron attachment: Ar-CCl4 mixtures},
	journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
	volume = {260},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: VJ539Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 18},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {365-370},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The relaxation of a nonequilibrium distribution of electrons in a mixture of Ar and CCl4 is studied. In a previous paper [J. Phys. B 34 (1991) 2909], Shizgal demonstrated that with the neglect of vibrationally inelastic collisions, a nonequilibrium steady electron distribution does occur even with the loss of electrons. The rate of disappearance of electrons due to attachment is rapid for high concentrations of CCl4. In this Letter, we extend the previous analysis to include inelastic collisions and find that for CCl4 and Ar mixtures there is no steady electron distribution function with increasing molecular gas concentrations.},
	keywords = {ARGON, CROSS-SECTIONS, DEGRADATION, GAS, SF6, THERMALIZATION},
	isbn = {0009-2614},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996VJ53900008},
	author = {Kowari, K. and Shizgal, B.}
}
@article {3287,
	title = {Iron porphyrin catalyzed oxidation of lignin model compounds: Oxidation of phenylpropane and phenylpropene model compounds},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {73},
	number = {12},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TV232Times Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2153-2157},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The oxidation of 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane (2) and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propene (3) by meso-tetra(2,6-dichloro-3-sulphonatophe)porphyrin iron chloride (TDCSPPFeCl, 1) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) are discussed. In addition to a C-alpha-hydroxylation product, demethoxylation and direct aromatic ring cleavage products were found in the oxidation of 2. When 3 was oxidized by 1 and t-BuOOH in aqueous acetonitrile, an acetonitrile-incorporated product was found. A mechanism for the oxidation of 3 is proposed.},
	keywords = {AROMATIC RING CLEAVAGE, BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM, C BOND-CLEAVAGE, CHARACTERIZATION, DEGRADATION, DEGRADING ENZYME, DIARYLPROPANE, HEME-ENZYME, iron porphyrin, LIGNIN, ligninase, MODEL, OXYGENASE, POTASSIUM MONOPERSULFATE, SPECTRAL, VERATRYL ALCOHOL, WHITE ROT BASIDIOMYCETE},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TV23200008},
	author = {Cui, F. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {3004,
	title = {DEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE AND PYRENE BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENT AND SEAWATER},
	journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
	volume = {156},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PJ991Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {27-37},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Microorganisms which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene were isolated from both seawater and sediment samples collected from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted environment, Kitimat Arm, British Columbia, Canada. Four strains from a seawater culture were isolated and examined. No additional PAH induction was necessary in the enrichment process, indicating that these PAH degrading microorganisms are previously exposed to PAHs in the environment under study. Microorganisms enriched with phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source also degraded pyrene readily. A metabolite, pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol was observed from pyrene degradation, and this metabolite was further degraded after pyrene was utilized by the microorganisms.},
	keywords = {BIODEGRADATION, bioremediation, CONTAMINATED, DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENT, ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, MINERALIZATION, NAPHTHALENE, PAH, PHENANTHRENE, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, PYRENE, SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, SOIL},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PJ99100004},
	author = {Cullen, W. R. and Li, X. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {6996,
	title = {VERATRYL ALCOHOL AS A MEDIATOR IN LIGNIN MODEL-COMPOUND BIODEGRADATION},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: FC210Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {31-35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Veratryl alcohol and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene were found to be ineffective mediators for the oxidation of anisyl alcohol by the lignin peroxidase model, iron meso-tetra(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin chloride (TDCSPPFeCl). However, veratryl alcohol can mediate the electrochemical oxidation of the polymeric dye Poly B-411. The TDCSPPFeCl catalyzed reactions of lignin model compounds were found to be dependent on pH and the solvent being used. The importance of the mediating role of veratryl alcohol in lignin degradation is discussed.},
	keywords = {APPROACH, BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM, BIOMIMETIC, BURDS, C BOND-CLEAVAGE, DEGRADATION, ENZYME, IRON PORPHYRINS, LIGNIN, MECHANISM, MEDIATOR, OXIDATION, PEROXIDASE, PORPHYRIN, SYSTEM, VERATRYL ALCOHOL},
	isbn = {0018-3830},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991FC21000006},
	author = {Cui, F. T. and Dolphin, D.}
}
@article {6413,
	title = {Structural information obtained by negative-ion laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (l.d.i.-F.t-i.c.r.) mass spectrometry on bacterial capsular polysaccharides},
	journal = {Carbohydrate Research},
	volume = {180},
	number = {2},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: V43RVTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 20Lam, Zamas Dutton, Guy G. S. Comisarow, Melvin B. Weil, David A. Bjarnason, Asgeir},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {C1-C7},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {DEGRADATION, DIGOXIN, ENZYMES, GLYCOSIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES, SPECTRA},
	isbn = {0008-6215},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000202953100001},
	author = {Lam, Z. and Dutton, G. G. S. and Comisarow, M. B. and Weil, D. A. and Bjarnason, A.}
}
