@article {2030,
	title = {Direct observation of Markovian behavior of the mechanical unfolding of individual proteins},
	journal = {Biophysical Journal},
	volume = {95},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 318WGTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 20Cao, Yi Kuske, Rachel Li, Hongbin},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {782-788},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy is a valuable tool to analyze unfolding kinetics of proteins. Previous force-clamp spectroscopy experiments have demonstrated that the mechanical unfolding of ubiquitin deviates from the generally assumed Markovian behavior and involves the features of glassy dynamics. Here we use single molecule force-clamp spectroscopy to study the unfolding kinetics of a computationally designed fast-folding mutant of the small protein GB1, which shares a similar beta-grasp fold as ubiquitin. By treating the mechanical unfolding of polyproteins as the superposition of multiple identical Poisson processes, we developed a simple stochastic analysis approach to analyze the dwell time distribution of individual unfolding events in polyprotein unfolding trajectories. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that the mechanical unfolding of NuG2 fulfills all criteria of a memoryless Markovian process. This result, in contrast with the complex mechanical unfolding behaviors observed for ubiquitin, serves as a direct experimental demonstration of the Markovian behavior for the mechanical unfolding of a protein and reveals the complexity of the unfolding dynamics among structurally similar proteins. Furthermore, we extended our method into a robust and efficient pseudo-dwell-time analysis method, which allows one to make full use of all the unfolding events obtained in force-clamp experiments without categorizing the unfolding events. This method enabled us to measure the key parameters characterizing the mechanical unfolding energy landscape of NuG2 with improved precision. We anticipate that the methods demonstrated here will find broad applications in single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy studies for a wide range of proteins.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, BONDS, FORCE-CLAMP SPECTROSCOPY, MICROSCOPE, REVEALS, SINGLE-MOLECULE, UBIQUITIN},
	isbn = {0006-3495},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000257122900033},
	author = {Cao, Y. and Kuske, R. and Li, H. B.}
}
@article {1349,
	title = {Nonmechanical protein can have significant mechanical stability},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie-International Edition},
	volume = {45},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 004RFTimes Cited: 30Cited Reference Count: 44},
	pages = {642-645},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {ADHESION, cell, DISULFIDE BONDS, DYNAMICS, ELASTICITY, mechanical properties, microscopy, MOLECULE FORCE-SPECTROSCOPY, protein unfolding, resistance, scanning probe microscopy, SIMULATION, SINGLE PROTEIN, single-molecule studies, TITIN IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAINS},
	isbn = {1433-7851},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234769200026},
	author = {Cao, Y. and Lam, C. and Wang, M. J. and Li, H. B.}
}
@article {1621,
	title = {The unfolding and folding dynamics of TNfnALL probed by single molecule force-ramp spectroscopy},
	journal = {Polymer},
	volume = {47},
	number = {7},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 030JETimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 53},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {2548-2554},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Tenascin, an important extracellular matrix protein, is subject to stretching force under physiological conditions and plays important roles in regulating the cell-matrix interactions. Using the recently developed single molecule force-ramp spectroscopy, we investigated the unfolding-folding kinetics of a recombinant tenascin fragment TNfnALL. Our results showed that all the 15 FnIII domains in TNfnALL have similar spontaneous unfolding rate constant at zero force, but show great difference in their folding rate constants. Our results demonstrated that single molecule force-ramp spectroscopy is a powerful tool for accurate determination of the kinetic parameters that characterize the unfolding and folding reactions. We anticipate that single molecule force-ramp spectroscopy will become a versatile addition to the single molecule manipulation tool box and greatly expand the scope of single molecule force spectroscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, DOMAIN, EXPRESSION, III, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, MATRIX PROTEINS, MECHANICAL STABILITY, microscopy, MUSCLE PROTEIN TITIN, tenascin, UBIQUITIN},
	isbn = {0032-3861},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000236629900037},
	author = {Wang, M. J. and Cao, Y. and Li, H. B.}
}
@article {1004,
	title = {Investigations of interfaces formed between bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and aluminum after different Forest Product Laboratory pre-treatment times},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {221},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 759CXTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {340-348},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The adhesion performance of bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) coatings on high-purity aluminum surfaces, which have been subjected to a Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) pre-treatment for different times, has been assessed with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After coating, SIMS measurement of the ratio of peak intensities at 71 to 70 amu is used to identify the direct Al-O-Si bonding. The overall strength of the silane adhesion is assessed by comparing measurements of the Si 2p signals before and after application of an ultrasonic rinse to the coated sample. For the shorter FPL pre-treatment times (<10 min), substantial BTSE adsorption occurs on less-firmly anchored parts of the oxide which can be removed by the sonication test. The optimal adhesive bonding is indicated by these more microscopic studies to occur with the pre-treatments in the 10-25 min range, and this is in close correspondence with the normal FPL recipe that has been identified by performance in macroscopic tests. Pre-treatments longer than 25 min modify the surface topography further and give less direct Al-O-Si bonding, although the total BTSE adsorption is essentially constant and the adhesion remains strong enough to survive the sonication test. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, ALLOY-COATED STEEL, aluminum, corrosion, DURABILITY, GAMMA-GLYCIDOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, metals, silane adsorption, SILANES, SIMS, surface pre-treatment, SURFACES, TECHNOLOGY, TOF-SIMS, XPS},
	isbn = {0169-4332},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000187721700043},
	author = {Teo, M. and Kim, J. and Wong, P. C. and Wong, K. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {5111,
	title = {Characterization of aluminum surfaces after different pretreatments and exposure to silane coupling agents},
	journal = {Surface Review and Letters},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 424EFTimes Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {Feb-Apr},
	pages = {43-50},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to characterize surfaces of aluminum which have been pretreated by mechanical polishing, acid etching and alkaline etching, as well as given subsequent exposures to air and water. These surfaces can differ markedly with regard to their chemical compositions and topographical structures. Characterizations of these surfaces after exposures to three organosilanes, gamma -GPS, BTSE and gamma -APS, indicate that the amount of silane adsorbed in each case shows a tendency to increase both with the number of OH groups detected at the oxidized aluminum and with the surface roughness. The XPS data are consistent with the adhesion of gamma -APS occurring through H bonding, especially via NH3+ groups.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, DURABILITY, GROWTH, INTERFACES, OXIDATION, OXIDE, photoelectron, THIN-FILMS, XPS},
	isbn = {0218-625X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000168218600007},
	author = {Kono, M. and Sun, X. and Li, R. and Wong, K. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R. and Foster, T.}
}
@article {4032,
	title = {Evidencing intermolecular effects with core-level photoelectron spectroscopy via the accurate density functional calculation of core-electron binding energies on model systems: gamma-APS as a test},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
	volume = {101},
	number = {49},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YK291Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {10254-10261},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {gamma-Aminopropyltrihydroxysilane (gamma-APS) is a molecule which is used as an adhesion promoter in microelectronics, for the coating of oxidized silicon wafers with polyimide films. The Si/gamma-APS interface has been studied recently using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and evidenced a need for reference spectra of both gamma-APS and its thermal byproducts: as gamma-APS oligomerizes readily upon warming, no gas phase, reference, or XPS spectrum of this compound can be obtained experimentally. Thus, spectral features emerging from Si/gamma-APS interactions are difficult to separate from structural fingerprints of gamma-APS alone, This phenomenon further hinders the follow up by XPS of structural modifications the molecule undergoes upon thermal treatments. A recent procedure of computing very accurate core-electron binding energies (CEBEs) via density functional theory (DFT) is used as a guide to propose a pseudo reference spectrum. The computed CEBEs of the various core levels of the isolated. molecule are found in excellent agreement with the experimental XPS spectra recorded upon spin coating the compound on a silicon wafer at room temperature, with an average absolute deviation (aad) for C Is, Id Is, and O Is levels of only 0,13 eV, i.e., of the order of experimental resolution. The same procedure is then conducted on isolated ionic structures presumably formed when thick gamma-APS layers have undergone thermal treatment in a H2O/CO2 atmosphere, A very bad agreement is found between theory and experiment on these isolated ions, with aad{\textquoteright}s as large as 4.91 V. Upon actually computing the CEBEs on larger molecular models in which (i) ions are paired and then in which (ii) ion pairs are further solvated by one up to four water molecules, the aad reduces to 0,31 eV. We suggest, on the instance of gamma-APS, that (i) the accurate calculation of CEBEs has now come to be a tractable and reliable alternative as a hand for spectrum decomposition when gas-phase reference XPS spectra are not available for calibration and that (ii) the availability of an accurate and tractable theoretical procedure to compute CEBEs, compatible with experimental precision, enables XPS to give some information on intermolecular effects, although this spectroscopy involves core ionizations.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, APPROXIMATION, BASIS-SETS, HYDROGEN},
	isbn = {1089-5647},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YK29100017},
	author = {Kranias, S. and Bureau, C. and Chong, D. P. and Brenner, V. and George, I. and Viel, P. and Lecayon, G.}
}
@article {3549,
	title = {PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF A BIFUNCTIONAL FUSION PROTEIN THAT MEDIATES ATTACHMENT OF VERO CELLS TO CELLULOSIC MATRICES},
	journal = {Biotechnology and Bioengineering},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RD894Times Cited: 7Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {147-154},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin mediates cell attachment by interacting with proteins of the integrin family of cell surface receptors. A gene fusion encoding the RGD-containing peptide, fused to the C-terminus of a cellulose-binding domain (CBD/RGD), was expressed in Escherichia coli. Cultures produced up to 50 mg of CBD/RGD per titer, most of which was extracellular. it was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography on cellulose. CBD/RGD promoted the attachment of green monkey Vero cells to polystyrene and cellulose acetate. Attachment was inhibited by smalt synthetic peptides containing the RGD sequence. CBD/RGD was as effective as collagen in promoting the attachment of Vero cells to Cellsnow(TM) microcarriers. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
	keywords = {ADHESION, ARG-GLY-ASP, BINDING DOMAINS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, CELLULASES, CELLULOMONAS-FIMI, CELLULOSE, CULTURE, FIBRONECTIN, PROTEIN PRODUCTION, SEGMENT, SIGNAL, VITRONECTIN},
	isbn = {0006-3592},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RD89400004},
	author = {Wierzba, A. and Reichl, U. and Turner, R. F. B. and Warren, R. A. J. and Kilburn, D. G.}
}
