@article {1505,
	title = {Identification of sokotrasterol sulfate as a novel proangiogenic steroid},
	journal = {Circulation Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 070DTTimes Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 39Murphy, Siun Larrivee, Bruno Pollet, Ingrid Craig, Kyle S. Williams, David E. Huang, Xin-Hui Abbott, Megan Wong, Fred Curtis, Cameron Conrads, Thomas P. Veenstra, Timothy Puri, Mira Hsiang, York Roberge, Michel Andersen, Raymond J. Karsan, Aly},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {257-265},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The potential to promote neovascularization in ischemic tissues using exogenous agents has become an exciting area of therapeutics. In an attempt to identify novel small molecules with angiogenesis promoting activity, we screened a library of natural products and identified a sulfated steroid, sokotrasterol sulfate, that induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that sokotrasterol sulfate promotes endothelial sprouting in vitro, new blood vessel formation on the chick chorioallantoic membrane, and accelerates angiogenesis and reperfusion in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model. We demonstrate that sulfation of the steroid is critical for promoting angiogenesis, as the desulfated steroid exhibited no endothelial sprouting activity. We thus developed a chemically synthesized sokotrasterol sulfate analog, 2 beta,3 alpha,6 alpha-cholestanetrisulfate, that demonstrated equivalent activity in the hindlimb ischemia model and resulted in the generation of stable vessels that persisted following cessation of therapy. The function of sokotrasterol sulfate was dependent on cyclooxygenase-2 activity and vascular endothelial growth factor induction, as inhibition of either cyclooxygenase-2 or vascular endothelial growth factor blocked angiogenesis. Surface expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin was also necessary for function, as neutralization of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, but not beta(1) integrin, binding abrogated endothelial sprouting and antiapoptotic activity in response to sokotrasterol sulfate. Our findings indicate that sokotrasterol sulfate and its analogs can promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and could potentially be used for promoting neovascularization to relieve the sequelae of vasoocclusive diseases.},
	keywords = {ACTIVATION, ANGIOGENESIS, apoptosis, ARTERIOGENESIS, ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS, endothelium, IN-VITRO, INHIBITION, INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3), ischemia, MARINE NATURAL-PRODUCTS, NF-KAPPA-B},
	isbn = {0009-7330},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000239501200009},
	author = {Murphy, S. and Larrivee, B. and Pollet, I. and Craig, K. S. and Williams, D. E. and Huang, X. H. and Abbott, M. and Wong, F. and Curtis, C. and Conrads, T. P. and Veenstra, T. and Puri, M. and Hsiang, Y. and Roberge, M. and Andersen, R. J. and Karsan, A.}
}
@article {4582,
	title = {Synthesis of new hypoxia markers EF1 and [F-18]-EF1},
	journal = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes},
	volume = {51},
	number = {6},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 242RBTimes Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {643-650},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We report on the preparation of a hypoxia marker 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1[H]-yl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)acetamide (EF1) and its F-18 analog, 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1[H]-yl)-N-(3-[F-18]fluoropropyl)acetamide ([F-18]-EF1). Two methods for the preparation of 3-fluoropropylamine, the EF1 side chain, are described. [F-18]-EF1 was prepared with a radiochemical yield of 2\% by nucleophilic substitution of bromine in 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1[H]-yl)-N-(3-bromopropyl) acetamide (EBrl) by carrier-added F-18 in DMSO at 120 degrees C. Our results demonstrate the preparation of clinically relevant amounts of [F-18]-EF1 for use as a non-invasive hypoxia marker with detection using positron emission tomography (PET). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ADDUCTS, CARCINOMA, CELLS, DEPENDENCE, F-18 FLUOROMISONIDAZOLE, IMAGING TUMOR HYPOXIA, INVIVO, ischemia, NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT, REDUCTION},
	isbn = {0969-8043},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082954500006},
	author = {Kachur, A. V. and Dolbier, W. R. and Evans, S. M. and Shiue, C. Y. and Shiue, G. G. and Skov, K. A. and Baird, I. R. and James, Brian R. and Li, A. R. and Roche, A. and Koch, C. J.}
}
