@article {https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202100014,
	title = {Zirconium Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation for the Synthesis of α-Arylated Amines and N-Heterocycles},
	journal = {Chemistry {\textendash} A European Journal},
	volume = {27},
	number = {20},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {6334-6339},
	abstract = {Abstract The zirconium catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of alkenes with N-aryl- and sterically demanding N-alkyl-α-arylated secondary amines by using commercially available Zr(NMe2)4 is reported. N-phenyl- and N-isopropylbenzylamine are used as amine substrates to establish the alkene substrate scope. Exclusively linear products are obtained in the presence of bulky vinylsilanes. Challenging α-heteroarylated amines and functionalized alkene substrates are compatible with this easy to use catalyst, affording a new disconnection strategy for the atom- and step-economic preparation of selectively substituted saturated α-arylated heterocycles.},
	keywords = {alpha-arylated amines, HETEROCYCLES, HYDROAMINOALKYLATION, ZIRCONIUM},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202100014},
	url = {https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/chem.202100014},
	author = {Koperniku, Ana and Schafer, Laurel L.}
}
@article {2495,
	title = {Broadening the Scope of Group 4 Hydroamination Catalysis Using a Tethered Ureate Ligand},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {131},
	number = {51},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 543YATimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 34Leitch, David C. Payne, Philippa R. Dunbar, Christine R. Schafer, Laurel L.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {18246-+},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A broadly applicable group-4-based precatalyst for the hydroamination of primary and secondary amines was developed. Screening experiments involving a series of amide and urea proligands led to the discovery of a tethered bis(ureate) zirconium complex with unprecedented reactivity in the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes and the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes. This catalyst system is effective with primary and secondary amines, 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, and heteroatom-containing functional groups, including ethers, silanes, amines, and heteroaromatics. The gem-disubstituent effect is not required for cyclization. The catalyst is generally regioselective for the anti-Markovnikov product of intermolecular alkyne hydroamination, and chemoselective for hydroamination over alpha-alkylation when forming 6- and 7-membered rings from aminoalkenes.},
	keywords = {ALKYNES, AMIDATE COMPLEXES, AMINES, AMINOALKENES, BOND FORMATION, INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROAMINATION, METAL-CATALYSTS, TITANIUM, UNACTIVATED ALKENES, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000273615800028},
	author = {Leitch, D. C. and Payne, P. R. and Dunbar, C. R. and Schafer, L. L.}
}
@article {2494,
	title = {N,O-Chelates of Group 4 Metals: Contrasting the Use of Amidates and Ureates in the Synthesis of Metal Dichlorides},
	journal = {European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry},
	number = {18},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 467LNTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 69Leitch, David C. Beard, J. David Thomson, Robert K. Wright, Vincent A. Patrick, Brian O. Schafer, Laurel L.},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {2691-2701},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A series of dichloride complexes of titanium and zirconium with amidate and ureate ancillary ligands have been prepared, Three examples of bis(amidate)dichlorotitanium and zirconium complexes were effectively synthesized through salt metathesis with metal tetrachloride as starting materials. Optimum results were achieved using sodium amidate salts formed from sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and neutral amide proligands, while other methods were ineffective. Use of electron-donating ureate ligands in lieu of amidates enables preparation through alternate routes. Protonolysis of Ti(NMe2)(2)Cl-2 and Zr(NMe2)(2)Cl-2(dme) with urea proligands leads to dichlorobis(ureate) complexes in good yield. Using a tethered bis(ureate) ligand eliminates the fluxional behaviour and coordination isomerism observed for both bis(amidate) and bis(ureate) zirconium complexes. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)},
	keywords = {amidate, BIS(AMIDATE) TITANIUM PRECATALYST, CATALYTIC, Chelates, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, EARLY, GUANIDINATE LIGANDS, HYDROAMINATION, INTERMOLECULAR HYDROAMINATION, N, O ligands, OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION, SOLUTION DYNAMICS, STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION, TITANIUM, TRANSITION-METALS, Ureate, ZIEGLER-NATTA POLYMERIZATION, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {1434-1948},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000267740500015},
	author = {Leitch, D. C. and Beard, J. D. and Thomson, R. K. and Wright, V. A. and Patrick, B. O. and Schafer, L. L.}
}
@article {2197,
	title = {trans-Disubstituted diamido/diamine cyclam zirconium complexes},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry Communications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 367KCTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 24Munha, Rui F. Alves, Luis G. Maulide, Nuno Duarte, M. Teresa Marko, Istvan E. Fryzuk, Michael D. Martins, Ana M.},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1174-1176},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The reaction of H-2[1,8-dibenzyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanel (H(2)Bn(2)CYclam) with 2 equiv of LiBu gives Li(2)Bn(2)Cyclam(L)2 (L = Et2O or THF) that reacts with ZrCl4(THF)(2) to afford (Bn(2)Cyclam)ZrCl2 in 40\% yield. Alternatively (Bn(2)Cyclam)ZrCl2 may be obtained via ZrCl2(CH2SiMe3)(2)(Et2O)(2) in a significantly higher yield (87\%), avoiding the lithiation of H(2)Bn(2)Cyclam. The syntheses of other H-2*Bn(2)CYClaM ligand precursors (*Bn = 3,5-dimethylbenzyl and 3,5-di(tert-butyl)benzyl) and the corresponding Zr derivatives ({3,5-Me2Bn}(2)-Cyclam)ZrCl2 and ({3,5-(Bu2Bn)-Bu-t}(2)-Cyclam)ZrCl2 are also reported. Results on preliminary tests of E-caprolactone and ethylene polymerisation reactions are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {amido ligands, CATALYSTS, CHEMISTRY, CONTAIN, Cyclam, epsilon-Caprolactone polymerisation, ETHYLENE, HAFNIUM COMPLEXES, LIGANDS, macrocycles, OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION, polymerisation, Tetraazamacrocycles, TITANIUM COMPLEXES, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {1387-7003},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000260549900019},
	author = {Munha, R. F. and Alves, L. G. and Maulide, N. and Duarte, M. T. and Marko, I. E. and Fryzuk,Michael D. and Martins, A. M.}
}
@article {1212,
	title = {Formation of phosphorus-nitrogen bonds by reduction of a titanium phosphine complex under molecular nitrogen},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {127},
	number = {37},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 965CYTimes Cited: 27Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {12796-12797},
	type = {Article},
	keywords = {ATOMS, CHEMISTRY, CLEAVAGE, COORDINATION, DINITROGEN ACTIVATION, LIGAND, NIOBIUM, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000231928800024},
	author = {Morello, L. and Yu, P. H. and Carmichael, C. D. and Patrick, B. O. and Fryzuk,Michael D.}
}
@article {1060,
	title = {Intramolecular hydroamination of unactived olefins with Ti(NMe2)(4) as a precatalyst},
	journal = {Organic Letters},
	volume = {7},
	number = {10},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 924NCTimes Cited: 104Cited Reference Count: 59},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1959-1962},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {[GRAPHICS] Commercially available Ti(NMe2)(4) has been used effectively as a precatalyst in a facile protocol for the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes to yield pyrrolidine and piperidine heterocyclic products with isolated yields up to 92\%. Germinally substituted substrates display the highest reactivity. This precatalyst is also effective for the hydroamination of activated internal alkenes, providing access to more complex heterocyclic target molecules.},
	keywords = {ALKENE HYDROAMINATION, ALKYNE, AMIDO COMPLEXES, ANTI-MARKOVNIKOV, CATALYZED INTERMOLECULAR HYDROAMINATION, GROUP-3 METALS, HYDROAMINATION, IMIDO COMPLEXES, REACTIVITY, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {1523-7060},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228984500019},
	author = {Bexrud, J. A. and Beard, J. D. and Leitch, D. C. and Schafer, L. L.}
}
@article {1263,
	title = {Synthesis and reactivity of zirconium and hafnium complexes incorporating chelating diamido-N-heterocyclic-carbene ligands},
	journal = {Journal of Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {690},
	number = {24-25},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 994VFTimes Cited: 36Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {5788-5803},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Early transition metal complexes employing a diamido N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand set (denoted [NCN]) render the centrally disposed NHC moiety stable to dissociation. Aminolysis reactions with the mesityl-substituted ligand precursor ((Mes)[NCN]H-2) and M(NMe2)(4) (M = Zr, Hf) provide bis(amido)-NHC-metal complexes that can be further converted to chloro and alkyl derivatives. Activation of (Mes)[NCN]M(CH3)(2) with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)(4)] yields {(Mes)[NCN]MCH3} {B(C6F5)(4)}, which is surprisingly inactive for the polymerization of 1-hexene. The zirconium cation did, however, show moderate ability to catalytically polymerize ethylene. The hafnium dialkyls are thermally stable with the exception of the diethyl complex, (Mes)[NCN]Hf(CH2CH3)(2), which undergoes P-hydrogen transfer and subsequent C-H bond activation with an ortho-methyl substituent on the mesityl group. The hafnium dialkyl complexes also insert carbon monoxide and substituted isocyanides to yield eta(2)-acyls and eta(2)-iminoacyls, respectively. In some circumstances, further C-C bond coupling occurs to yield enediolates and eneamidolate metallocycles. The molecular structures of (Mes)[NCN]Hf(CH2CHMe2)(2), (Mes)[NCN]Hf(eta(2)-(2,6-Me2C6H3NCCH3)(CH3), (Mes)[NCN]Hf(eta(2)-(2,6-Me2C6H3NCCH3)(2), (Mes)[NCN]Hf(OC(CH3)=C(CH3)NXy), and [(Mes)[NCN]Hf(OC(Bu-i)=C(Bu-i)O)](2) are included. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AMIDO, CARBON-MONOXIDE, CHEMISTRY, DONORS, ETA-2-IMINOACYL, hafnium, LIVING POLYMERIZATION, MIGRATORY INSERTION, N-heterocyclic carbene, OLEFIN, POLYMERIZATION, PROPERTIES, SPECTROSCOPIC, STABLE CARBENES, STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION, tridentate ligand, ZIRCONIUM, ZIRCONOCENE COMPLEXES},
	isbn = {0022-328X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000234058600046},
	author = {Spencer, L. P. and Fryzuk,Michael D.}
}
@article {922,
	title = {Scandium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination. Development of a highly active cationic catalyst},
	journal = {Organometallics},
	volume = {23},
	number = {10},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 818FNTimes Cited: 100Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {May},
	pages = {2234-2237},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The scandium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes and alkenes is reported. Complex structure/catalyst activity investigations resulted in the identification of a highly catalytically active cationic, beta-diketiminato scandium complex.},
	keywords = {ALKENES, ALKYNES, AMIDO COMPLEXES, BETA-DIKETIMINATO LIGANDS, DERIVATIVES, GROUP-3 METALS, ORGANOSCANDIUM, REACTIVITY, YTTRIUM, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0276-7333},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000221231100006},
	author = {Lauterwasser, F. and Hayes, P. G. and Brase, S. and Piers, W. E. and Schafer, L. L.}
}
@article {990,
	title = {Tridentate amido carbene ligands in early-transition-metal coordination chemistry},
	journal = {Organometallics},
	volume = {23},
	number = {14},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 833IITimes Cited: 52Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {3372-3374},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Coordination of the new tridentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor (p-Me-C6H4NHCH2-CH2)(2)N2C3H2 to Zr(IV) generates an [NCN] donor set where the N represents an amido unit and the C corresponds to the N-heterocyclic carbene. This ancillary ligand allows for the isolation and structural characterization of zirconium amido, chloro, and alkyl derivatives; the carbene donor is rendered stable to dissociation because of its central disposition between two anionic amido units.},
	keywords = {COMPLEXES, CONTAIN, STABLE CARBENES, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0276-7333},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000222330500004},
	author = {Spencer, L. P. and Winston, S. and Fryzuk,Michael D.}
}
@article {615,
	title = {Activation and functionalization of molecular nitrogen by metal complexes},
	journal = {Chemical Record},
	volume = {3},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 669WPTimes Cited: 48Cited Reference Count: 52},
	pages = {2-11},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Molecular nitrogen is intrinsically unreactive, so much so that it has confounded chemists for decades in attempts to functionalize this abundant diatomic molecule. While biological systems and industrial processes can fix nitrogen to form ammonia, the challenge is to discover a process that involves a homogeneous catalyst that can utilize N-2 as a feedstock to generate higher value organonitrogen materials. In this review, the activation of molecular nitrogen by transition metal complexes is reviewed with the view to present new kinds of transformations for coordinated dinitrogen. Moreover, some reaction types that are as yet unknown are outlined to try and stimulate further research in this area. (C) 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {BRIDGING N-2 UNIT, CHEMISTRY, COORDINATED, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DINITROGEN, DINITROGEN COMPLEXES, END-ON, FIXATION, nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase, REDUCTION, SIDE-ON, transition metal complexes, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {1527-8999},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000182373700001},
	author = {Fryzuk,Michael D.}
}
@article {745,
	title = {Side-on bridging coordination of N-2: Spectroscopic characterization of the planar Zr2N2 core and theoretical investigation of its butterfly distortion},
	journal = {Chemistry-a European Journal},
	volume = {9},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 638VDTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {520-530},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The vibrational and electronic structure of the side-on N-2-bridged Zr complex [{(P2N2)Zr}(2)(u-n(2):n(2)-N-2)] (P2N2=PhP(CH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2)(2)PPh) were analyzed. The vibrational characterization of the planar Zr2N2 core was based on resonance Raman and infrared spectroscopy. In the Raman spectrum, the N-N stretching band is found at 775 cm(-1) with an isotope shift of 22 cm(-1). Due to its appearance in many overtones and combination modes, the metal-metal stretch is assigned to the peak at 295 cm(-1). The two ungerade modes of the Zr2N2 core were identified in the infrared spectrum. Based on these four vibrations of the Zr2N2 unit, a quantum chemical assisted normal coordinate analysis (OCA-NCA) was performed. The force constants for the N-N and Zr-N bonds were calculated to be 1.53 and 2.58 mdyn Angstrom(-1), respectively. The butterfly distortion of the Zr2N2 unit obtained in DFT geometry optimizations of planar side-on N-2-bridged Zr complexes was analyzed in more detail. It was found that on bending of the Zr2N2 core, the lone pairs of the axial amide ligands are rotated by 90degrees. The bent Zr2N2 unit is 11 kcal mol(-1) lower in energy than the planar core due to a more uniform distribution of electron density between the metal atoms and NZ and delocalization of electron density from the amide ligands to the Zr2N2 unit. The spectroscopic implications of this distortion are analyzed.},
	keywords = {<P2N2>ZR(MU-ETA(2)-N-2)ZR<P2N2>, coordination modes, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIHYDROGEN, DINITROGEN COMPLEX, DINITROGEN COMPLEXES, END-ON, EXCHANGE, METAL, MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS, NITROGEN, POTENTIALS, REDUCTION, SPECTROSCOPY, vibrational, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0947-6539},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180592000018},
	author = {Studt, F. and Morello, L. and Lehnert, N. and Fryzuk,Michael D. and Tuczek, F.}
}
@article {5073,
	title = {Formation and reactivity of the zirconium ethylene complexes [eta(5)-C5H3-1,3-(SiMe2CH2PR2)(2)]Zr(eta(2)-CH2=CH2)(X) (R = Me, Pr (i); X = Br, C5H5)},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {79},
	number = {5-6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 456EVTimes Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 36},
	month = {May},
	pages = {536-545},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The formation and reactivity of the zirconium ethylene complexes (R)[P2Cp]Zr(eta (2)-CH2=CH2)(X) (2a: R = Pr-i},
	keywords = {ALKENE, ALKYNE, CARBONYL, CHEMISTRY, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, cyclopentadienyl phosphine, DERIVATIVES, LIGANDS, metallocyclopropane, metals, NORBORNENE, SIME3, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000170070900011},
	author = {Fryzuk,Michael D. and Duval, P. B. and Rettig, S. J.}
}
@article {5072,
	title = {Synthesis and structure of the hafnium alkylidene complex [P2Cp]Hf=CHPh(Cl) ([P2Cp] = (eta(5)-C5H3-1,3-(SiMe2CH2PPr2i)(2)))},
	journal = {Organometallics},
	volume = {20},
	number = {8},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 427FWTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 16},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1608-1613},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The synthesis, structural characterization, and solution behavior of hafnium complexes stabilized by the potentially tridentate ancillary ligand [P2Cp] ([P2Cp] = (eta (5)-C5H3-1,3-(SiMe2CH2PPr2i)(2))) are described. The reaction of [P2Cp]Li with HfCl4(THT)(2) produces the hafnium trichloride complex [P2Cp]HfCl3 (1), the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. Trichloride 1 is isostructural with the analogous zirconium complex [P2Cp]ZrCl3 (2) in the solid state, but in solution 1 exists as an equilibrium mixture of two isomers that interconvert by fluxional phosphine coordination. Treatment of 1 with 2 equiv of KCH2Ph, followed by thermolysis, yields the first structurally characterized hafnium alkylidene complex, [P2Cp]Hf=CHPh(Cl) (3). A crystal structure determination obtained for 3 shows this complex to be isostructural with the zirconium analogue [P2Cp]Zr=CHR(Cl) (4). The primary difference between the Hf systems presented here and the previously studied Zr analogues is that metal-ligand bonding is stronger in the former, which accounts for shorter bond distances, a greater degree of chemically inertness, and the divergent solution behaviors observed for the trichloride derivatives 1 and 2.},
	keywords = {BENZYL, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DERIVATIVES, MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE, PH, SIME3, trichloride, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0276-7333},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000168395000016},
	author = {Fryzuk,Michael D. and Duval, P. B. and Patrick, B. O. and Rettig, S. J.}
}
@article {4575,
	title = {pi-bonding and reactivity in transition metal nitrosyl complexes, 6. Amide-stabilized, diamagnetic chromium(II) nitrosyl complexes},
	journal = {Organometallics},
	volume = {18},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 198QKTimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 70},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1994-2004},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{Treatment of Cr(NO)(N(i)r(2))(3) with 2 equiv of PhCO2H affords Cr(NO)((NPr2)-Pr-i)(O2CPh)(2) (1) in good yields. Reaction of CpNa.DME with 1 produces CpCr(NO)((NPr2)-Pr-i)(OC(O)Ph) (2), which subsequently yields a series of 18-valence-electron (18e) complexes, CpCr(NO)((NPr2)-Pr-i)(R) (R = eta(1)-CP (3), CH2SiMe3 (4), eta(1)-CH2Ph (5), Ph (6)},
	keywords = {ACTIVATED <NON>ZRME2, AMINE ELIMINATION, CATALYSTS, COMPLEXES, diamide complexes, GROUP-4 COMPLEXES, METALLOCENE CATALYSTS, NITRIDO COMPLEXES, OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS, SPIN-STATE, ZIRCONIUM, ZIRCONOCENE},
	isbn = {0276-7333},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000080435300024},
	author = {Jandciu, E. W. and Kuzelka, J. and Legzdins,Peter and Rettig, S. J. and Smith, K. M.}
}
@article {4348,
	title = {The determination of dissolved zirconium and hafnium from seawater using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {60},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZR467Times Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {245-255},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This paper describes the development of an analytical technique utilizing isotope dilution and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) to determine the picomolar and femtomolar concentrations of dissolved Zr and Hf found in seawater. Data acquired using this technique are presented to verify the method; in the subarctic North Pacific Zr ranges from 25 to 366 pmol/kg and Hf from 0.20 to 1.02 pmol/kg, with concentrations increasing smoothly with depth. The chelating ion-exchange resin, Chelex-100, was found to be suitable for the extraction/concentration step required for the determination of dissolved Zr and Hf in seawater using isotope dilution analysis. The extraction was optimized for pH, flow rate, resin volume, elution volume, and the time required for isotope equilibration. The isotope ratios Zr-91/Zr-90 and Hf-178/Hf-177 were measured using flow injection ICP/MS. The detection limits for a one litre sample are 0.21 and 0.03 pmol/kg for Zr and Hf, respectively. The analytical precision (Is) of the technique improves with increasing concentration and varies from 7\% at 42 pmol/kg to 2.5\% at 280 pmol/kg for Zr and from 22\% at 0.28 pmol/kg to 9\% at 1.4 pmol/kg for Hf. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {aluminum, ATLANTIC, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, Chelex-100, hafnium, ICP-MS, OCEAN, SEA-WATER, SEAWATER, trace metals, TRACE-METALS, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0304-4203},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073979800008},
	author = {McKelvey, B. A. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {4403,
	title = {SIMS studies of the effect of H at interfaces formed by oxidized zirconium},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {76},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 180RKTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 13},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1796-1799},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to guide the search for an oxidation procedure that can produce a thin and relatively sharp oxide layer on macroscopic zirconium. A new preparation based on dip coating in H2O2 solution is indicated to be suitable for this purpose. SIMS further indicates that the oxide interface, for such a prepared sample, shows substantial degradation when it is heated in H-2 gas at 300 degrees C. The presence of H appears to facilitate O migration into the metallic region, an observation that supplements those made previously on oxidized thin-film samples of zirconium prepared by deposition under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions.},
	keywords = {electron, GROWTH, HYDROGEN, interfacial reactivity, OXIDATION, OXIDE, oxidized, OXYGEN, secondary ion mass spectrometry, SURFACES, THIN-FILMS, XPS INVESTIGATIONS, ZIRCONIUM, ZR(0001)},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079398800002},
	author = {Shimizu, K. and Flinn, B. J. and Wong, P. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {4151,
	title = {LEED crystallographic analysis for the structure formed by 2 ML of O at the Zr(0001) surface},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {380},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XF843Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {May},
	pages = {540-547},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A tensor LEED analysis is reported for the Zr(0001)-(1 x 1)-O surface which involves oxygen at a total coverage of 2 monolayers. The structure is indicated to have two layers of O: one forms an overlayer in which the O atoms bond to hollow sites of three-fold coordination on the regular metal surface. while the other laver has the O atoms in tetrahedral hole sires between the first and second metal layers. The stacking sequence, designated as (C)B(A)AB, corresponds to the first three layers of anion-terminated cubic ZrO2, although some lateral compression is needed for superposition on the regular hcp Zr structure. The absorption of O in the tetrahedral holes results in a significant expansion in the first-to-second Zr-Zr interlayer spacing to about 3.44 Angstrom from the bulk vaue of 2.57 Angstrom. The O-Zr bond lengths are estimated to equal 2.07 Angstrom for the overlayer O atoms, and 2.21 Angstrom for the O atoms in tetrahedral hole sites, Comparisons are made with the structures of the corresponding 0.5 and 1 ML surfaces formed by the O/Zr(0001) system. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, GROWTH, LEED crystallography, low index single crystal surface, OXIDE THIN-FILMS, OXYGEN, SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES, STRUCTURE, SURFACE, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XF84300044},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {3546,
	title = {LEED ANALYSES REVISITED FOR 2 STRUCTURES FORMED BY ZR(0001) - THE SURFACE WHEN CLEAN AND WHEN CONTAINING SUFFICIENT OXYGEN TO JUST EXTINGUISH THE HALF-ORDER BEAMS},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {343},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TK128Times Cited: 26Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {L1167-L1173},
	type = {Letter},
	abstract = {LEED crystallographic analyses have been made for two structures formed by the (0001) surface of zirconium and which show (1 x 1)-type diffraction patterns. An analysis with eight diffracted beams for clean Zr(0001) supports an earlier conclusion that this surface has a regular hcp-type structure, and that the first interlayer spacing shows a contraction hem the bulk spacing by about 1.6\%. A surface formed by O, at twice the coverage applying for the best-developed half-monolayer (2x2) diffraction pattern, is analyzed using tensor LEED for nine diffracted beams, including the use of the average t-matrix approximation. It is concluded that the 1 monolayer (ML) structure is actually disordered with 0.5 ML of O distributed statistically over octahedral holes between the first and second Zr layers, and another 0.5 ML of O similarily distributed between the second and third metal layers.},
	keywords = {CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS, ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED), LOW INDEX SINGLE CRYSTAL, OXYGEN, SANDWICH, SURFACE RELAXATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, SURFACES, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TK12800004},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {3547,
	title = {A LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR THE HALF MONOLAYER STRUCTURE FORMED BY O AT THE ZR(0001) SURFACE},
	journal = {Surface Science},
	volume = {342},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TH886Times Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {272-280},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A tensor LEED analysis has been made for the half monolayer structure formed by O absorbed at the Zr(0001) surface. The analysis uses intensity-versus-energy curves for eight independent diffracted beams measured at normal incidence. The best correspondence with the experimental intensity data is for a model in which O atoms occupy octahedral holes in an unreconstructed metallic structure, with 0.25 ML between the first and second metal layers, and another 0.25 ML between the second and third metal layers. These two (2 X 2)-O arrays are displaced laterally from one another by an unit translational vector of the Zr(0001) substrate. The O atoms induce both vertical and lateral relaxations in the three topmost Zr layers; the largest displacements being found in the second Zr layer. The averaged O-Zr bond length is 2.28 Angstrom, about 0.02 Angstrom shorter than the value in bulk ZrO.},
	keywords = {0001 SURFACE, 2)-O, ALPHA-AL2O3, chemisorption, ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION, INDUCED RECONSTRUCTION, LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED), LOW INDEX SINGLE CRYSTAL, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, SURFACE RELAXATION, SURFACES, X, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0039-6028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TH88600034},
	author = {Wang, Y. M. and Li, Y. S. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
@article {7012,
	title = {PREPARATION AND ISOMERIZATION OF 1-PHENYLSELENO 1,3-DIENES},
	journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry},
	volume = {56},
	number = {26},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: GW891Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {7201-7211},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The preparation of a series of 1-phenylseleno 1,3-dienes is described starting from enyne derivatives via a hydrozirconation/transfer sequence. Hydrozirconation of a series of conjugated enynes having the general formula HC = CCR1 = CR2R3 (3a: R1 = R2 = R3 = H; 3b: R1 = R3 = H},
	keywords = {CONVENIENT PREPARATION, DERIVATIVES, DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS, HYDROZIRCONATION, ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS, ORGANOSELENIUM CHEMISTRY, selenium, TRANSITION-METAL DIENYLS, transmetalation, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0022-3263},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GW89100006},
	author = {Fryzuk,Michael D. and Bates, G. S. and Stone, C.}
}
