@article {1189,
	title = {A six-bowl carceplex that entraps seven guest molecules},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {127},
	number = {35},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 961BOTimes Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 63},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {12363-12367},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A six-bowl carceplex that entraps seven guest molecules, 5(.)(DMSO)(7), was synthesized and characterized. The dynamics of the host shell was studied in solution in the absence and presence of water. A multiple-molecule template was found to drive the formation of 5(.)(DMSO)(x)(.)G((7-x)) (G = DMA, DMF; x = 5-7). Higher selectivity was found for species containing greater numbers of DMSO molecules.},
	keywords = {CAPTURE, COMPLEXATION, CONTAINER COMPOUNDS, COORDINATION CAGES, DIFFUSION NMR, HEMICARCERANDS, ORGANIC-MOLECULES, RESORCINARENE CAPSULE, REVERSIBLE ENCAPSULATION, TEMPLATION},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000231637100064},
	author = {Makeiff, D. A. and Sherman, J. C.}
}
@article {724,
	title = {Characterization of copper-complexing ligands in seawater using immobilized copper(Il)-ion affinity chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {83},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 743RZTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 44Ocean Sciences Meeting 2002FEB 11-15, 2002HONOLULU, HAWAII},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {47-58},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Electrochemical studies show that copper and other bioactive trace metals are associated almost exclusively with dissolved organic ligands in surface seawater. Some of these ligands may be released by photosynthetic marine organisms to control metal uptake. However, new analytical approaches are needed to determine the chemical composition and ecological significance of these compounds. We have combined immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to selectively extract and characterize copper-complexing ligands in seawater. Samples taken from British Columbia coastal waters were filtered through mixed cellulose membranes (0.45 mum) using nitrogen overpressure. Compounds with an affinity for copper were then extracted using Cu(II)-IMAC and eluted in acidified seawater. The eluant was monitored using UV absorption (255 nm), which showed that IMAC extracts from river and surface waters contained the highest concentrations of U-V-absorbing organic matter. Fractions were collected and analyzed by flow-injection (FI) negative ion ESI-MS using a custom made XAD-16 column, which gave 82\% recovery and a detection limit of 1.6 pmol for salicylic acid in acidified seawater. Low-molecular-weight compounds containing nitrogen were detected in the IMAC extracts of highest UV absorbance. These compounds followed an elution profile similar to the corresponding UV chromatogram. Measured masses of 265 and 259 Da are consistent with peptides containing, respectively, one thiol and two primary amino groups, characteristics associated with copper-complexing ligands detected in marine algal cultures and surface seawater using other methods. However, the absence of positive ions under experimental conditions suggests that the extracted compounds are predominantly acidic, and may therefore be hydroxamic acids or other nitrogen-containing compounds. The use of alternative resins and FI solvents to improve recovery, increase ionization efficiency, and permit structural (MS/MS) analysis of compounds extracted by IMAC is now being investigated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, COMPLEXATION, CU, DISSOLVED COPPER, electrospray ionization, ESTUARINE WATER, iron, LIGANDS, marine environment, MARINE-BACTERIA, MASS SPECTROMETRY, OCEAN, organic compounds, ORGANIC-LIGANDS, PHYTOPLANKTON, SPECIATION, stress},
	isbn = {0304-4203},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000186588500006},
	author = {Ross, A. R. S. and Ikonomou, M. G. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {452,
	title = {Formation of a tris-capsule and a tris-carceplex from a cyclic six-bowl assembly},
	journal = {Chemical Communications},
	number = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 584WWTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1672-1673},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A macrocycle composed of six cavitands was assembled into a tris-capsule and a tris-carceplex, each of which encapsulates three guest molecules.},
	keywords = {CAVITANDS, CHEMISTRY, COMPLEXATION, COORDINATION, DIMERIC CAPSULE, HYDROGEN-BONDS, MOTION, ORGANIC-MOLECULES, REVERSIBLE MOLECULAR CAPSULES, TEMPLATION},
	isbn = {1359-7345},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177492600008},
	author = {Mungaroo, R. and Sherman, J. C.}
}
@article {5087,
	title = {Host-guest binding of simple cavitands in water},
	journal = {Chemical Communications},
	number = {24},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 507TGTimes Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2680-2681},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Simple water soluble cavitands were prepared and the thermodynamics of their binding with neutral guests in water is reported.},
	keywords = {AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, COMPLEXATION, ERROR PROPAGATION, INDUCED-FIT, MEDIA, molecular recognition, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION, NMR CHEMICAL-SHIFTS, RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLAE, SOLUBLE RESORCIN<4>ARENE},
	isbn = {1359-7345},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000173044900077},
	author = {Gui, X. and Sherman, J. C.}
}
@article {4921,
	title = {Characterization of dissolved tannins and their metal-ion complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta},
	volume = {411},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 305EYTimes Cited: 25Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {May},
	pages = {91-102},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to characterize metal-complexing ligands derived from tannic acid, a component of natural dissolved organic matter. Complexes formed by tannin ligands with copper and other biogeochemically important metals were identified from the mass-to-charge ratios of the corresponding deprotonated molecular ions, allowing stoichiometry and metal oxidation state to be determined. Ligand ion intensities were proportional to tannic acid concentration, with detection limits on the order of 5 nM for individual compounds in 50:50 water/acetonitrile. The relative abundance of free ligand and complex ions indicated the degree of complexation under different solution conditions (metal concentration, pH, ionic strength). Using tandem mass spectrometry, the structure and principal copper binding site for one of the tannins were also determined, providing unique information with regard to metal complexation by these polyfunctional ligands. The technique can be combined with high performance liquid chromatography for on-line separation of dissolved organic compounds. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach for characterizing the different classes of metal-complexing ligands found in natural waters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, COMPLEXATION, copper, electrospray ionization, high performance liquid, iron, LIGANDS, MASS SPECTROMETRY, metal-ion complexes, NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS, ORGANIC, PERFORMANCE, PROTEINS, REGIOSELECTIVE MONO-OXIDATION, SPECIATION, STOICHIOMETRY, tannins, TOXICITY, trace metals},
	isbn = {0003-2670},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086527500011},
	author = {Ross, A. R. S. and Ikonomou, M. G. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {4206,
	title = {The effect of complexation additives on analyte migration behavior in capillary electrochromatography},
	journal = {Electrophoresis},
	volume = {19},
	number = {8-9},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZY715Times Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {1452-1460},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In capillary electrochromatography (CEC), analytes often have different mobilities in the mobile phase, and often are involved in multiple equilibria. In this paper, the migration behavior of an analyte in CEC is described by a general equation in which individual capacity factors are used to describe the tendency of the analyte to exist as the various analyte species present in a separation system, and the effects of both field and equilibrium are accounted for. The resolution of two analytes is shown to be related linearly to the ratio of their migration rates. The effect of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in CEC is more complicated than in CE because it is experienced only by a fraction of the analyte, whereas in CE, it is experienced by all analyte species. A procedure for calculating the electrophoretic mobility of the analyte based on the fraction of the analyte in the buffer is demonstrated. The effect of the EOF on resolution is also discussed.},
	keywords = {additives, capillary electrochromatography, COMPLEXATION, ELECTROPHORESIS, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, multiple equilibria, PARAMETERS, separation theory, SEPARATIONS},
	isbn = {0173-0835},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074652100040},
	author = {Bowser, M. T. and Chen, D. D. Y.}
}
@article {3277,
	title = {GUEST DYNAMICS IN CARCEPLEXES - A H-2 NMR-STUDY},
	journal = {Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions},
	volume = {91},
	number = {22},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TF186Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 24},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {4127-4131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Solid-state H-2 NMR powder spectra and T-1 longitudinal relaxation data have been collected for carceplexes containing benzene and acetonitrile guest molecules. Analysis of the data suggests that benzene rotates rapidly about its C-6 axis with an activation energy of 25.8 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1). In addition, it reorients about the C-4 axis of the carceplex cavity with a rate (ca. 10(6)-10(7) s(-1)) that is in the intermediate regime on the H-2 NMR spectral timescale in the temperature range T = 310-400 K. Lineshape simulations suggest that this reorientation has less than four-fold symmetry owing to unequal site populations, probably a reflection of the deviation from C-4 symmetry of the carceplex geometry. Acetonitrile reorients rapidly (much greater than 10(5) s(-1)) about a four-fold symmetric axis for T greater than or equal to 181 K.},
	keywords = {benzene, COMPLEXATION, MOTIONS, RESONANCE LINE-SHAPES, SOLIDS, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0956-5000},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TF18600015},
	author = {Chopra, N. and Chapman, R. G. and Chuang, Y. F. and Sherman, J. C. and Burnell, E. E. and Polson, J. M.}
}
@article {3271,
	title = {STUDY OF TEMPLATION AND MOLECULAR ENCAPSULATION USING HIGHLY STABLE AND GUEST-SELECTIVE SELF-ASSEMBLING STRUCTURES},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {117},
	number = {35},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: RT724Times Cited: 104Cited Reference Count: 17},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {9081-9082},
	type = {Note},
	keywords = {COMPLEXATION, cyclodextrin, HYDROGEN-BONDS},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995RT72400031},
	author = {Chapman, R. G. and Sherman, J. C.}
}
@article {3061,
	title = {BINDING AND TRANSPORT OF CALCIUM-IONS BY SYNTHETIC ANALOGS OF IONOMYCIN},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {72},
	number = {6},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NV309Times Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 66},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {1512-1524},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The transport of calcium ions across an organic barrier by a series of synthetic analogues of ionomycin was measured in a cylindrical glass cell using chloroform as the artificial membrane. The presence of a beta-diketone and carboxyl group in the same molecule and a sufficient Lipid solubility of the compounds were shown to be necessary and sufficient conditions for Ca2+ transport. Small and no transport of Ca2+ were found for analogues 5 and 6, respectively, due to the low lipid solubility of these compounds. The Ca2+ transport rate for analogues 8 and 13-15 followed the order of 8 > 13 > 14 > 15, which demonstrated that optimal Ca2+ transport was achieved when the beta-diketone was separated from the carboxyl group by seven methylene units, identical to that found in ionomycin. Analogues 8-10 were comparable to ionomycin and calcimycin in terms of Ca2+ transport. Ca2+ transport by the analogues was found to be a saturable process that obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It was dependent on the pH in the aqueous source phase and independent of the pH in the receiving phase. Both the carboxyl and the beta-diketo groups were ionized in the transport of Ca2+, indicating that the stoichiometry of Ca2+ complex in transport was 1:1. The pK(a) of the beta-diketone of the analogues was determined to be in the range of 10.90-11.16 in 80\% MeOH-H2O. The pK(a) values were related to the lipid solubility of the compounds and the hydrocarbon chain length between the beta-diketone and the carboxyl group. The binding constants of the analogues with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in 80\% MeOH-H2O were determined to be in the order of 10(2) M(-1) and 10(3) M(-1), respectively, using the pK(a) method. The stoichiometry of Mg2+ binding was found to be 1:1 by the mole ratio method. The selectivity in binding and in transport followed the same order, being Mg2+ > Ca2+ >> Na+, K+.},
	keywords = {A23187, ACETYLACETONE, ALKALINE-EARTH CATIONS, COMPLEXATION, COUNTERTRANSPORT, COUPLED, DIVALENT-CATION IONOPHORE, FORMATION-CONSTANTS, MEMBRANE, METAL-IONS, SYSTEMS},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NV30900011},
	author = {Hu, Thomas Q. and Weiler, L.}
}
