@article {361,
	title = {Determination of arsenic species in a freshwater crustacean Procambarus clarkii},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 521YCTimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {123-132},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The arsenic species present in samples of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii caught in the area affected by the toxic mine-tailing spill at Aznalcollar (Seville, Southern Spain) were analyzed. The total arsenic contents ranged between 1.2 and 8.5 mug g(-1) dry mass (DM). With regard to the different species of arsenic, the highest concentrations were for inorganic arsenic (0.34-5.4 mug g(-1) DM), whereas arsenobetaine, unlike the situation found in marine fish products, was not the major arsenic species (0.16 +/- 0.09 mug g(-1) DM). Smaller concentrations were found of arsenosugars la (0.18 +/- 0.11 mug g(-1) DM), 1b (0.077 +/- 0.049 mug g(-1) DM), 1c (0.080 +/- 0.089 mug g(-1) DM), and 1d (0.14 +/- 0.13 mug g(-1) DM). The presence of two unknown arsenic species was revealed (U1: 0.058 +/- 0.058 mug g(-1) DM; U2: 0.12 +/- 0.12 mug g(-1) DM). No significant differences were seen with respect to the total arsenic contents between the sexes. However, significant differences in the total arsenic contents were revealed between the area affected by the spill and the area not affected, the contents being greater in the affected area. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {arsenic, arsenic species, arsenobetaine, arsenosugars, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, CADMIUM, crayfish, crustacean, ENVIRONMENT, FISH, freshwater, LEAD, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, SEAFOOD PRODUCTS, WATER MARSH},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000173868100002},
	author = {Devesa, V. and Suner, M. A. and Lai, V. W. M. and Granchinho, S. C. R. and Martinez, J. M. and Velez, D. and Cullen, W. R. and Montoro, R.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Distribution of arsenic species in the freshwater crustacean Procambarus clarkii},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {16},
	number = {12},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 622PGTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 25},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {692-700},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species in the complete organism of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and its various parts (hepatopancreas, tail, and remaining parts) were analyzed in order to discover the distribution of arsenic and its species. With this information it will be possible to establish where the chemical forms of this metalloid tend to accumulate and what risks may derive from the contents and species present in the edible parts of this crustacean. The total arsenic content in the complete organism and in the various parts analyzed ranged from 2.5 to 12 mug g(-1) dry mass (DM), with inorganic arsenic representing 18 to 34\% of total arsenic. The arsenical composition varied according to the part of the crayfish considered. The hepatopancreas had the highest levels of total arsenic (9.2-12 mug g(-1) DM) and inorganic arsenic (2.7-3.2 mug g(-1) DM). The tail (edible part) had the lowest levels of both total arsenic (2.5-2.6 mug g(-1) DM) and inorganic arsenic (0.46-0.64 mug g(-1) DM). The predominant organoarsenical species were the dimethylarsinoylribosides: glycerol riboside in the hepatopancreas, sulfate riboside in the tail, and sulfonate and phosphate ribosides in the remaining parts. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {arsenic, arsenic species, arsenosugars, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BIOACCUMULATION, crayfish, DIGESTION, ENVIRONMENT, FISH, freshwater, heptopancreas, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PRODUCTS, SEAFOOD, SPECIATION, tail muscle},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179655000002},
	author = {Devesa, V. and Suner, M. A. and Lai, V. W. M. and Granchinho, S. C. R. and Velez, D. and Cullen, W. R. and Martinez, J. M. and Montoro, R.}
}
@article {4852,
	title = {Antimony species in environmental samples},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 335VQTimes Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 33},
	pages = {111-131},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Antimony was extracted from environmental biota samples from Yellowknife, NWT and Meager Creek, BC, Canada. Extraction efficiencies ranged from 0.7 to 37\% for all samples except for a cattail sample, from which 95\% of antimony was extracted. Speciation analysis was carried out by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-GC-AAS). The major antimony species in all samples, including biota extracts and water, was Sb (V). Sb (III) and methylated antimony species were detected in some samples as well. The presence of methylated antimony species in moss from Yellowknife and a water sample from Yellowknife was confirmed by using HG-GC-AAS at a second absorption wavelength, increasing the likelihood that the peaks obtained are due to the presence of antimony compounds. A headspace HG-GC-mass spectrometric (MS) method was developed for the speciation of antimony compounds and this was used to successfully confirm methylantimony species in the headspace following HG of extracts of moss and snail samples from Yellowknife.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, GENERATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, HYDRIDE GENERATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, PLANTS, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, snails, SPECIATION, WATERS},
	isbn = {0306-7319},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088265800002},
	author = {Koch, I. and Wang, L. X. and Feldmann, J. and Andrewes, P. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4311,
	title = {Demethylation of trimethylantimony species in aqueous solution during analysis by hydride generation gas chromatography with AAS and ICP MS detection},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {2},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YY039Times Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 12},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {129-136},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The method of hydride generation for the speciation of antimony compounds was examined with respect to the problem of molecular {\textquoteright}rearrangement{\textquoteright}. Specifically, demethylation of trimethylstilbine during the analysis of trimethylantimony dichloride (Me3SbCl2) was studied, Previously published observations that enhanced demethylation takes place as a result of inadequate preconditioning of the analytical apparatus were found to be not reproducible, However, demethylation was enhanced as the pH decreased when using two different analytical methods: semi-continuous how hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-GC-AAS), and batch-type hydride generation-gas chromatography-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HG-GC-ICP MS). Applications of the hydride generation method to environmental samples revealed differences in analytical results at high and low pH, and enhanced demethylation taking place because of the matrix in a fungal extract sample, The authors recommend that researchers using the method of hydride generation for antimony compounds carefully test the reaction conditions with standard compounds and use the method of standard addition only. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY(V), ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, demethylation, HYDRIDE GENERATION, molecular rearrangement, NATURAL-WATERS, SPECIATION, trimethylantimony},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000072106100006},
	author = {Koch, I. and Feldmann, J. and Lintschinger, J. and Serves, S. V. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {4348,
	title = {The determination of dissolved zirconium and hafnium from seawater using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {60},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZR467Times Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {245-255},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This paper describes the development of an analytical technique utilizing isotope dilution and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) to determine the picomolar and femtomolar concentrations of dissolved Zr and Hf found in seawater. Data acquired using this technique are presented to verify the method; in the subarctic North Pacific Zr ranges from 25 to 366 pmol/kg and Hf from 0.20 to 1.02 pmol/kg, with concentrations increasing smoothly with depth. The chelating ion-exchange resin, Chelex-100, was found to be suitable for the extraction/concentration step required for the determination of dissolved Zr and Hf in seawater using isotope dilution analysis. The extraction was optimized for pH, flow rate, resin volume, elution volume, and the time required for isotope equilibration. The isotope ratios Zr-91/Zr-90 and Hf-178/Hf-177 were measured using flow injection ICP/MS. The detection limits for a one litre sample are 0.21 and 0.03 pmol/kg for Zr and Hf, respectively. The analytical precision (Is) of the technique improves with increasing concentration and varies from 7\% at 42 pmol/kg to 2.5\% at 280 pmol/kg for Zr and from 22\% at 0.28 pmol/kg to 9\% at 1.4 pmol/kg for Hf. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	keywords = {aluminum, ATLANTIC, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, Chelex-100, hafnium, ICP-MS, OCEAN, SEA-WATER, SEAWATER, trace metals, TRACE-METALS, ZIRCONIUM},
	isbn = {0304-4203},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073979800008},
	author = {McKelvey, B. A. and Orians, K. J.}
}
@article {4287,
	title = {Metal(loid)organic compounds in geothermal gases and waters},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {29},
	number = {5-7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 156HQTimes Cited: 48Cited Reference Count: 5918th International Meeting on Organic GeochemistrySEP 22-26, 1997MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDSEuropean Assoc Organ Geochemists},
	pages = {1765-1778},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Volatile metal(loid)organic species of geogenic and anthropogenic origin are analyzed by low temperature gas chromatography coupled on-line with plasma mass spectrometry (LTGC/ICP MS) with detection limits in the higher pg-range (per m(3) gas). In respect to the determination of aqueous samples, this instrumental technique is combined with sample derivatization by the hydride generation technique. Volatile species of As, Sb, Sr and I could be detected in gases over hot springs in British Columbia (Canada). Methylated species of Hg, Ge, As, Sb and Te were also determined in concentrations in the ng/kg- to low mu g/kg-range in geothermal waters from Ruapehu, Waimangu, Waiotapu and Tokaanu (North Island, New Zealand); up to 1\% of the total dissolved metal(loid)s are found in methylated forms. Volatile metal(loid)organic species of geogenic origin are compared with those emanating from anthropogenic sources (waste and sewage gases, river and harbor sediments). Possible formation mechanisms for these compounds are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, British Columbia, ENVIRONMENT, geothermal, hot springs, mercury, metal(loid)organic compounds, methylmercury, NATURAL-WATERS, New Zealand, NEW-ZEALAND, SEDIMENTS, sewage gases, VOLATILE METAL, volatile species, WASTE DEPOSITS, WASTE GASES, WATERS},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077995900056},
	author = {Hirner, A. V. and Feldmann, J. and Krupp, E. and Grumping, R. and Goguel, R. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4183,
	title = {The production of methylated organoantimony compounds by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 149RQTimes Cited: 34Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {827-842},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Cultures of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were grown in antimony-rich media. Although volatile compounds of other elements were readily detected in the culture headspace, volatile antimony compounds were formed irreproducibly and at only ultratrace levels. In order to monitor the media for nonvolatile methylantimony compounds, a method of sample preparation was developed, based on solid-phase extraction. This enabled the separation of large quantities of soluble inorganic antimony species from trace amounts of organo-antimony compounds before speciation by HG-GC-AAS, By this methodology methylated antimony compounds were detected at concentrations of 0.8- 7.1 mu g Sbl(-1) in all media in which S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(III) compounds. These methylantimony species were not detected in any of the nonliving or medium-only controls. Methylated compounds were not detected where S. brevicaulis was grown in the presence of antimony(V) compounds. This is the first study to show that antimony(III) compounds are biomethylated by S. brevicaulis under aerobic-only growth conditions. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ANTIMONY, APIOTRICHUM-HUMICOLA, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BIOMETHYLATION, biotransformation, GASES, GENERATION, hydride, HYDRIDE GENERATION, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, LAKE-BIWA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, SPECIATION, sudden, volatile antimony, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE DEPOSITS},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000077619500006},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Feldmann, J. and Koch, I. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, E.}
}
@article {4321,
	title = {Seasonal changes in arsenic speciation in Fucus species},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZH050Times Cited: 27Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {243-251},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Arsenic speciation in a brown alga, Fucus gardneri, collected in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, was carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), Hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) was used for total arsenic determination. The relative amounts of some arsenosugars 1 in growing tips are found to be different in comparison with the remainder of the plant. Fucus samples collected in summer contain 9 ppm of total arsenic. Most of the arsenic species are extractable. Fucus samples collected in winter contain relatively higher amounts of arsenic, 16-22 ppm, but only low amounts of this are extractable. (C) 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ALGAE, arsenic, arsenosugar, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, DISTICHUS, Fucus gardneri, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled, plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), POPULATION, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073067100002},
	author = {Lai, V. W. M. and Cullen, W. R. and Harrington, C. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {4043,
	title = {The characterization of arsenosugars in commercially available algal products including a Nostoc species of terrestrial origin},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {11},
	number = {10-11},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YB269Times Cited: 77Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Oct-Nov},
	pages = {797-803},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The arsenic species present in a range of commercially available dried-algal food products were characterized by HPLC-ICP-MS, The products of marine origin contain up to four dimethylarsinylribosides (1) in the 8-49 ppm range and some also contain dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). These species are easily extracted and account for most of the arsenic burden. One sample of a freshwater alga Nostoc sp, was found to contain a lower concentration of arsenic, 3 ppm, and only 34\% of this was extractable, The extract representing 1 ppm of arsenic contained one of the arsenosugars 1 found in the marine samples (93\%), the rest being DMAA, This is the first report of the identification of an arsenosugar from an organism of terrestrial origin, The implications of this result in connection with the global arsenic cycle are discussed. (C) 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {(ICP-MS), ACID, ALGAE, arsenic, ARSENIC-CONTAINING RIBOFURANOSIDES, arsenobetaine, arsenosugar, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid, IDENTIFICATION, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, SEAWEED, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YB26900005},
	author = {Lai, V. W. M. and Cullen, W. R. and Harrington, C. F. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {4059,
	title = {Determination of antimony species with high-performance liquid chromatography using element specific detection},
	journal = {Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {359},
	number = {6},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YJ059Times Cited: 52Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {484-491},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new method for the fast and simultaneous determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V) is presented involving the use of anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a complexing reagent in the mobile phase, and element specific detection with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chromatographic parameters such as nature and concentration of the complexing and eluting compounds and pH of the mobile phase were investigated in detail. Additionally, the separation of inorganic Sb(III) and Sb(V) from organically bounded antimony (as (CH3)(3)SbCl2 and (CH3)(3)Sb(OH)(2)) was investigated by using anion, and cation exchange, and reversed phase HPLC. Best separation was obtained with anion exchange HPLC under alkaline conditions. Cation exchange and reversed-phase HPLC were not useful for the separation of the above compounds. With FAAS concentrations in the upper mg L-1 range are detectable, which is not sensitive enough for the analyses of environmental samples. When the chromatographic system was coupled to ICP-MS, the detection limits are in the lower mu g L-1 range. The method was applied to various environmental samples with anthropogenic and naturally elevated Sb concentrations.},
	keywords = {ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, HYDRIDE GENERATION, NATURAL-WATERS, PRECONCENTRATION, SB(III), SB(V), SEPARATION, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {0937-0633},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YJ05900004},
	author = {Lintschinger, J. and Koch, I. and Serves, S. and Feldmann, J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {3987,
	title = {The identification of some water-soluble arsenic species in the marine brown algae Fucus distichus},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {11},
	number = {12},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YL564Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 17},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {931-940},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The extraction and clean-up procedures developed to isolate the water-soluble arsenic species present in the marine macroalga Fucus distichus, from British Columbia, Canada, are described, The arsenic species were extracted into methanol and then subjected to gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, Fractions high in arsenic were identified by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), and further investigated by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP MS), By using different HPLC columns and mobile-phase conditions, the four major arsenic-containing compounds present in the macroalga were positively identified as arsenosugars; one minor compound remained unidentified. (C) 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {(ICP MS), arsenic, arsenosugars, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, chromatography (HPLC), CONTAINING RIBOFURANOSIDES, Fucus distichus, high-performance liquid, HPLC-ICP MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, SEAWEED},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YL56400001},
	author = {Harrington, C. F. and Ojo, A. A. and Lai, V. W. M. and Reimer, K. J. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4102,
	title = {Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the speciation of arsenic animal feed additives},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatography A},
	volume = {764},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: WZ035Times Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {211-222},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A number of analytical techniques have been investigated for the determination of arsenic animal feed additive compounds. More specifically, liquid chromatography methods have been developed for the separation of these arsenicals. Micro liquid chromatography, which is a relatively new technique, shows a number of advantages for these analyses, especially when interfaced to mass spectrometers. Improved limits of detection, low solvent consumption, reduced amounts of stationary phase, as well as flow-rates easily accommodated by continuous-flow liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and direct liquid introduction mass spectrometry, are some of the advantages we have observed when fabricating and using these columns. The off-line combination of micro liquid chromatography and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry improves the limit of detection for arsenic and shows potential for on-line coupling. Further use of the methods developed here may allow for a more detailed understanding of the fate and interactions of arylarsenicals in biological and environmental systems.},
	keywords = {3-NITRO-4-HYDROXYPHENYLARSONIC ACID, ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BOMBARDMENT, detection, GROWTH PROMOTER, LC, PIGS, SEPARATION, ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION},
	isbn = {0021-9673},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997WZ03500005},
	author = {Pergantis, S. A. and Cullen, W. R. and Chow, D. T. and Eigendor, G. K.}
}
@article {3691,
	title = {The use of high-performance liquid chromatography for the speciation of organotin compounds},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {10},
	number = {5},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: UW081Times Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 89},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {339-362},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {This review of the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the speciation of organotin compounds which are primarily of significance in the marine environment, is divided into sections on the basis of the different HPLC modes of separation. However, it should be noted that such a classification does not exist in reality. For instance, in an ion-pair reversed-phase system the separation mechanism for the ionic solutes may be ion-pair partitioning, or ion exchange, or both. The relevant practical information (e.g. column type, mobile phase, method of detection and detection limit) is presented in tabular form. MET A brief overview of the reported detection MIP methods is included, because the delay in development of an easily interfaced, specific and sensitive detector has hindered the use of HPLC for organotin speciation studies. The literature reviewed covers publications from 1977, the year of the first application of HPLC to organotin speciation, to April 1995.},
	keywords = {antifouling paints, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS, DIALKYLTIN HOMOLOGS, ELEMENTAL SPECIATION, environmental pollution, ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES, FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC, marine environment, ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS, organotin, PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION, PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, review, SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECIATION, SUPERCRITICAL, tributyltin},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996UW08100002},
	author = {Harrington, C. F. and Eigendorf, G. K. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {3093,
	title = {HUMAN URINARY ARSENIC EXCRETION AFTER ONE-TIME INGESTION OF SEAWEED, CRAB, AND SHRIMP},
	journal = {Clinical Chemistry},
	volume = {40},
	number = {4},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: NE582Times Cited: 145Cited Reference Count: 48},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {617-624},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We studied chemical speciation of arsenic compounds in urine samples by using HPLC with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. We examined urinary arsenic excretion patterns and the arsenic species excreted from nine human subjects who ingested seaweed products and crab (or shrimp). Fast urinary excretion of unchanged arsenobetaine was seen after ingestion of crab and shrimp, which contain arsenobetaine as the major arsenic species. In contrast, the arsenosugars, which comprise the major arsenic species in seaweed, are metabolized and have a longer retention time in the human body. When nine volunteers ingested the commercial seaweed product nori, both the urinary arsenic excretion pattern and the excreted arsenic species varied from individual to individual, and as many as six metabolites could be detected. It seems that arsenosugars are not decomposed by stomach acid and that reactions involving enzymatic and (or) microbial activity in the human body may be responsible for the metabolism of arsenosugars.},
	keywords = {arsenobetaine, arsenosugars, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, EDIBLE, HAMSTER, JAPANESE, METABOLISM, ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS, PLASMA, RABBITS, SEAWEED, SPECIATION, TOXICOLOGY},
	isbn = {0009-9147},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994NE58200023},
	author = {Le, X. C. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {3091,
	title = {SPECIATION OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME MARINE ORGANISMS},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {28},
	number = {9},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PE258Times Cited: 43Cited Reference Count: 49},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1598-1604},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Speciation of arsenic compounds in some marine algae, bivalves, and crustaceans was studied by using two techniques: (i) high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection and (ii) hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry following microwave-assisted digestion. Arsenosugars were identified as the major arsenic compounds present in marine algae, whereas arsenobetaine was the dominant arsenic species present in crab and shrimp. In contrast to most previous reports, which claimed arsenobetaine as the only major arsenic species present in marine bivalves, this study revealed the presence of arsenosugars in addition to arsenobetaine in the bivalves. The speciation of arsenic in sample extracts and {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}defrost liquid{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} from previously frozen marine animal samples revealed that up to 48\% of the total arsenic in the sample can be released in the defrost liquid. Arsenic species found in the defrost liquid were identical with those in the sample extracts. Changes in arsenic speciation were observed in the sample extracts that were stored for a long term. Arsenobetaine in sample extracts that were stored at 4 degrees C for 9 months was decomposed to trimethylarsine oxide and two other unidentified arsenic species.},
	keywords = {ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, arsenobetaine, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY, ECKLONIA-RADIATA, HOMARUS-AMERICANUS, IDENTIFICATION, KELP, ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS, TRACE-ELEMENTS, TRIMETHYLARSINE OXIDE},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PE25800015},
	author = {Le, S. X. C. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {2852,
	title = {DETERMINATION OF URINARY ARSENIC AND IMPACT OF DIETARY ARSENIC INTAKE},
	journal = {Talanta},
	volume = {40},
	number = {2},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: KU309Times Cited: 47Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {185-193},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An analytical method based on microwave decomposition and flow injection analysis (FIA) coupled to hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) is described. This is used to differentiate arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) from organoarsenic compounds usually present in seafood. Without microwave digestion, direct analysis of urine by HGAAS gives the total concentration of As(III), As(V), MMA and DMA because organoarsenic compounds such as arsenobetaine, usually found in most seafood, are not reducible upon treatment with borohydride and therefore cannot be determined by using the hydride generation technique. The microwave oven digestion procedure with potassium persulfate and sodium hydroxide as decomposition reagents completely decomposes all arsenicals to arsenate and this can be measured by HGAAS. Microwave decomposition parameters were studied to achieve efficient decomposition and quantitative recovery of arsenobetaine spiked into urine samples. The method is applied to the determination of urinary arsenic and is useful for the assessment of occupational exposure to arsenic without intereference from excess organoarsenicals due to the consumption of seafood. Analysis of urine samples collected from an individual who ingested some seafood revealed that organoarsenicals were rapidly excreted in urine. After the ingestion of a 500-g crab, a 10-fold increase of total urinary arsenic was observed, due to the excretion of organoarsenicals. The maximum arsenic concentration was found in the urine samples collected approximately between 4 to 17 hr after eating seafood. However, the ingestion of organoarsenic-containing seafoods such as crab, shrimp and salmon showed no effect on the urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic, MMA and DMA.},
	keywords = {arsenobetaine, ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY, EXCRETION, HYDRIDE GENERATION, INGESTION, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, METABOLISM, REDUCTION, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {0039-9140},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993KU30900013},
	author = {Le, X. C. and Cullen, W. R. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {2823,
	title = {FURNACE ATOMIZATION PLASMA EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY - EFFECTS OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE AND SODIUM-NITRATE ON LEAD AND SILVER EMISSION},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry},
	volume = {8},
	number = {7},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ME197Times Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 22},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {955-959},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The effect of alkali halide and nitrate salts on the emission intensity from Ag and Pb, excited using furnace atomization plasma excitation spectrometry, has been studied. Compared with the emission signal obtained when there is no interferent, the presence of either NaNO3 or NaCl as a comcomitant in the sample causes an interference effect by decreasing the emission intensity over the power range 14-40 W.},
	keywords = {ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, EASILY IONIZED ELEMENT, FAPES, FURNACE ATOMIZATION PLASMA EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY, GRAPHITE FURNACE, GRAPHITE-FURNACE, HELIUM PLASMA, INTERFERENCE, INTERFERENCES, PLATFORM, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0267-9477},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993ME19700005},
	author = {Hettipathirana, T. D. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {7174,
	title = {COMPARISONS BETWEEN A GRIMM-TYPE GLOW-DISCHARGE AND A JET-ASSISTED GLOW-DISCHARGE SOURCE VIEWED AXIALLY AND LATERALLY},
	journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy},
	volume = {47},
	number = {13},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: JY641Times Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 29},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1435-1446},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Comparisons have been made between three types of glow discharge with regard to analytical performance. These glow discharge types include a Grimm-type glow discharge, a jet-assisted glow discharge viewed axially to the jet-assisted plasma plume and the same discharge viewed laterally 25 mm from the sample surface where its characteristics are sufficiently different to warrant re-classification. The axially viewed, jet-assisted glow discharge provides the highest detection power, but laterally viewing allows the potential for greater dynamic range, greater freedom from spectral interferences and a detection power comparable to the Grimm-type glow discharge. This makes lateral viewing of the jet-assisted plasma plume attractive for simultaneous multi-element applications.},
	keywords = {ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, ATOMIZATION, CATHODIC-SPUTTERING ATOMIZER, cell, LAMP, SAMPLES, SPECTROSCOPY},
	isbn = {0584-8547},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JY64100002},
	author = {Banks, P. R. and Blades, M. W.}
}
