@article {2692,
	title = {Complete transfer of populations from a single state to a preselected superposition of states using piecewise adiabatic passage: Experiment},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	volume = {80},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 539DNTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 38Zhdanovich, S. Shapiro, E. A. Hepburn, J. W. Shapiro, M. Milner, V.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {8},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We demonstrate a method of adiabatic population transfer from a single quantum state into a coherent superposition of states. The transfer is executed with femtosecond pulses, spectrally shaped in a simple and intuitive manner, which does not require iterative feedback-controlled loops. In contrast to nonadiabatic methods of excitation, our approach is not sensitive to the exact value of laser intensity. We show that the population transfer is complete, and analyze the possibility of controlling the relative phases and amplitudes of the excited eigenstates. We discuss the limitations of the proposed control methods due to the dynamic level shifts and suggest ways of reducing their influence.},
	keywords = {COHERENT CONTROL, EXCITATION, PULSES, QUANTUM CONTROL, time, WAVE-PACKETS, WAVEPACKET},
	isbn = {1050-2947},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000273233800104},
	author = {Zhdanovich, S. and Shapiro, E. A. and Hepburn, J. W. and Shapiro,Moshe and Milner, V.}
}
@article {2691,
	title = {Overcoming Field Imperfections of Quadrupole Mass Filters with Mass Analysis in Islands of Stability},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {81},
	number = {14},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 472MFTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 24Zhao, XianZhen Xiao, Zilan Douglas, D. J.},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {5806-5811},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We have constructed, and tested as mass filters, linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields of 4\%, 8\%, and 12\%, with and without added octopole fields. A hexapole field can be added to the field of a linear quadrupole by rotating the two y rods toward an x rod. This also adds an octopole field which can be removed by making the x rods greater in diameter than the y rods. In comparison to conventional quadrupole mass filters these rod sets have severely distorted quadrupole fields, with a mix of both even and odd higher spatial harmonics. They allow evaluating the performance of rod sets with strong geometric and field distortions as mass filters. Conventional mass analysis at the tip of the stability diagram has been compared to mass analysis using islands of stability. The stability islands are produced by applying an auxiliary quadrupole excitation field to the quadrupole. We show that with normal mass analysis at the tip of the stability diagram, the transmission, resolution, and peak shapes are relatively poor in comparison to a conventional rod set. However, the use of islands of stability dramatically improves the resolution and peak shape, and in some cases ion transmission, suggesting that mass analysis with islands of stability may provide a method to overcome a wide range of field imperfections in linear quadrupole mass filters.},
	keywords = {EXCITATION, FREQUENCIES, LINEAR ION-TRAP, OCTOPOLE FIELDS, SPECTROMETRY, TRANSMISSION},
	isbn = {0003-2700},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000268135000029},
	author = {Zhao, X. Z. and Xiao, Z. L. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {1441,
	title = {Linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {17},
	number = {8},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 071YITimes Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 26Konenkov, Nikolai Londry, Frank Ding, Chuanfan Douglas, D. J.},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1063-1073},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields are described. The shifts in ion oscillation frequency caused by the addition of a hexapole field are calculated within the effective potential model. Methods to construct linear quadrupoles with added hexapole fields with exact electrode geometries and with round rods are discussed. A quadrupole with added hexapole field can be constructed with round rods by rotating two rods (say the y rods) towards an x rod. Computer simulations are used to investigate the possibility of mass analysis with quadrupoles with added hexapole fields. We find that a quadrupole with an added hexapole field in the range 2-12\% can provide mass analysis provided the dc is applied with the correct polarity and value. When a rod set is constructed with round rods, other multipoles in the potential degrade the peak shape, resolution and transmission. The largest of these after the quadrupole and hexapole are a dipole and octopole term. With round rod sets, the peak shape can be improved by using different diameters for the x and y rod pairs to minimize the octopole term in the potential and by injecting ions at the field center where the dipole term is zero. Calculations of the boundaries of the stability diagram for this case show the boundaries move out, relative to those of a pure quadrupole field, but remain sharp.},
	keywords = {EXCITATION, ION-TRAP, MASS-SPECTROMETRY, OCTOPOLE FIELDS},
	isbn = {1044-0305},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000239639400003},
	author = {Konenkov, N. and Londry, F. and Ding, C. F. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {1082,
	title = {Density functional calculation of K-shell spectra of small molecules},
	journal = {Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena},
	volume = {148},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 945UITimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 44},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {115-121},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Both Delta E-KS and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods, with approximations for the singlet-triplet splitting and for the relativistic corrections, were tested for the calculation of K-shell spectra of Ne, HF, H2O, NH3, CH4, and CO. Results from several exchange-correlation functionals as well as diffuse basis sets were compared with available experimental data. Excellent core excitation and core-electron ionization energies for Ne, HF, H2O, NH3, CH4, and CO can be obtained from Delta E with Perdew-Wang 1986 exchange and Perdew-Wang 1991 correlation functionals; and reasonable intensities for singlet excitations, from TD-DFT with exchange-correlation potential known as statistical average of orbital potentials. The dependence of the quality of Delta E on basis set is as expected: excitations to higher Rydberg levels requiring more diffuse functions. However, the oscillator strength seems to be more sensitive to the quality of the basis set. Suggestions are made for extending the procedure to larger systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ACCURATE, CO, core-electron binding energies, DFT, diffuse STO functions, EDGE, ELECTRON BINDING-ENERGIES, EXCITATION, EXCITED-STATES, GAS-PHASE, inner-shell excitation spectra, intensities, NEON, OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS, relative, Rydberg levels, Slater-type orbitals, SPECTROSCOPY, time-dependent DFT},
	isbn = {0368-2048},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000230527300007},
	author = {Chong, D. P.}
}
@article {1097,
	title = {Linear ion traps in mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Mass Spectrometry Reviews},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 888OJTimes Cited: 73Cited Reference Count: 145},
	month = {Jan-Feb},
	pages = {1-29},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Linear ion traps are finding new applications in many areas of mass spectrometry. In a linear ion trap, ions are confined radially by a two-dimensional (2D) radio frequency (RF) field, and axially by stopping potentials applied to end electrodes. This review focuses on linear ion trap instrumentation. Potentials and ion motion in linear multipole fields and methods of ion trapping, cooling, excitation, and isolation are described. This is followed by a description of various mass discrimination effects that have been reported with linear ion traps. Linear ion traps combined in various ways with three-dimensional (3D) traps, time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzers, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers are then given. Linear ion traps can be used as stand alone mass analyzers, and their use for mass analysis by Fourier transforming image currents, by mass selective radial ejection, and by mass selective axial ejection are reviewed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {analysis, CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE, ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION, EXCITATION, EXTERNAL ACCUMULATION, FRINGING FIELDS, INVERSE FOURIER-TRANSFORM, ion traps, linear multipoles, mass, MOLECULE REACTION, OCTOPOLE FIELDS, OF-FLIGHT, QUADRUPOLE, RADIOFREQUENCY, RESONANCE, space charge, STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION, SYSTEM},
	isbn = {0277-7037},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226383800001},
	author = {Douglas, D. J. and Frank, A. J. and Mao, D. M.}
}
@article {422,
	title = {Matrix methods for the calculation of stability diagrams in quadrupole mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 557DZTimes Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 47},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {597-613},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The theory of the computer calculation of the stability of ion motion in periodic quadrupole fields is considered. A matrix approach for the numerical solution of the Hill equation and examples of calculations of stability diagrams are described. The advantage of this method is that it can be used for any periodic waveform. The stability diagrams with periodic rectangular waveform voltages are calculated with this approach. Calculations of the conventional stability diagram of the 3-D ion trap and the first six regions of stability of a mass filter with this method are presented. The stability of the ion motion for the case of a trapping voltage with two or more frequencies is also discussed. It is shown that quadrupole excitation with the rational angular frequency omega = NOmega/P (where N, P are integers and Omega is the angular frequency of the trapping field) leads to splitting of the stability diagram along iso-P lines. Each stable region of the unperturbed diagram splits into P stable bands. The widths of the unstable resonance lines depend on the amplitude of the auxiliary voltage and the frequency. With a low auxiliary frequency splitting of the stability diagram is greater near the boundaries of the unperturbed diagram. It is also shown that amplitude modulation of the trapping RF voltage by an auxiliary signal is equivalent to quadrupole excitation with three frequencies. The effect of modulation by a rational frequency is similar to the case of quadrupole excitation, although splitting of the stability diagram differs to some extent. The methods and results of these calculations will be useful for studies of higher stability regions, resonant excitation, and non-sinusoidal trapping voltages. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2002, 13, 597-613) (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.},
	keywords = {CLOUD, EXCITATION, FILTER, FREQUENCY, HIGH-RESOLUTION, ION-TRAP, OPERATION, PARAMETRIC RESONANCES, PAUL TRAP, REGION},
	isbn = {1044-0305},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000175893800003},
	author = {Konenkov, N. V. and Sudakov, M. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {5040,
	title = {A combined linear ion trap time-of-flight system with improved performance and MSn capabilities},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {15},
	number = {19},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 477JFTimes Cited: 47Cited Reference Count: 28},
	pages = {1777-1795},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A detailed description of a linear ion trap time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer system, capable of sequential mass spectrometry (MS{\textquoteright}), is given. Many improvements have been incorporated since the initial description of this system (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998; 12:1463-1474). The pressure in the trap has been lowered from 7.0 to 1.8 mTorr, resulting in an increase in the mass resolution of ion excitation from 75 to 240. Use of the system for MS3 is demonstrated. Dipole excitation of the n = I harmonic, instead of the n = 0 fundamental frequency of ion motion, is shown to have a higher frequency resolution, f/Deltaf, but lower mass resolution, m/Deltam. Both experiments and modeling demonstrate that at the lower pressure there is less collisional cooling of ions in the axial and radial directions of the trap. The efficiency of trapping is shown to be nearly 100\% for periods up to 5 s. The demonstrated mass range for mass analysis has been extended to greater than m/z 16 250. To avoid the formation of adduct ions when trapping protein ions for extended times requires ultra-high vacuum cleanliness conditions, even though the trap operates in the mTorr-pressure range. Upgrading the TOF to a reflectron with higher quality ion optics results in an increase in the mass resolution of the TOF mass spectrometer to about 5000 at m/z 750. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {COLLISION CELL, EXCITATION, GUIDE, INTERFACE, MOLECULE, QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETER, reaction, STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION},
	isbn = {0951-4198},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171279800001},
	author = {Collings, B. A. and Campbell, J. M. and Mao, D. M. and Douglas, D. J.}
}
@article {5009,
	title = {Molecular dynamics study of the collision-induced rotational alignment of N-2(+) drifting in helium},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
	volume = {114},
	number = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 418VGTimes Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 32},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {6662-6671},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The full velocity-angular momentum distribution function for gas-phase N-2(+) drifting in helium is calculated using a molecular dynamics method, and utilized to examine collision-induced rotational alignment in detail. These results are also compared with experimental measurements, most especially those of Anthony [J. Chem. Phys. 112, 10269 (2000)] and those appearing in the preceding article [Anthony , J. Chem. Phys. 114, 6654 (2001)]. Both the calculations and experiments show a number of interesting features including, drift velocities which depend upon rotational state, and quadrupolar alignment parameters which change from negative at high velocities to positive at low velocities. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
	keywords = {EXCITATION, GENERALIZED CROSS-SECTIONS, HE, IONS, KINETIC-THEORY, LIGHTER GASES, STATE, TRANSPORT, TUBE EXPERIMENTS, VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS},
	isbn = {0021-9606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167914400020},
	author = {Baranowski, R. and Wagner, B. and Thachuk, M.}
}
@article {4912,
	title = {Ionization of Mg and Cd in an atmospheric pressure parallel plate capacitively coupled plasma},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry},
	volume = {15},
	number = {10},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 359YJTimes Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 45},
	pages = {1313-1319},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The degree of ionization for Mg and Cd vaporized into a parallel plate capacitively coupled plasma (PP-CCP) has been studied. Using electrothermal vaporization and a CCP operating at 200 W, the degree of ionization is 83\% and 48\% for Mg and Cd, respectively. An increase in applied power increases the degree of ionization. Changes in plasma gas flow rate, up to 1.0 l min(-1), also change the degree of ionization slightly, probably due to mass transport effects and slight changes in the discharge conditions. Additions of EIE (Na as NaNO3) up to 10 times (w/w) the analyte increase the degree of ionization slightly.},
	keywords = {ANALYTE IONIZATION, ATOMIC-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY, ATOMIZATION, CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS, EASILY, EASILY IONIZED ELEMENTS, EXCITATION, HELIUM PLASMAS, IONIZABLE ELEMENT, MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA, RADIO-FREQUENCY},
	isbn = {0267-9477},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089639400004},
	author = {Rahman, M. M. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {4945,
	title = {Multiple quantum and high-resolution NMR, molecular structure, and order parameters of partially oriented ortho and meta dimethyl-, dichloro-, and chloromethylbenzenes codissolved in nematic liquid crystals},
	journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance},
	volume = {144},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 313NCTimes Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 62},
	month = {May},
	pages = {58-73},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We develop a strategy for analyzing complex nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of several solutes codissolved in liquid-crystal phases. Spectral parameters of solutes m- or o-xylene were estimated by analyzing 2D multiple-quantum NMR spectra using a modified version of a least-squares fitting routine which adjusts chemical shifts, order parameters, structural parameters, and/or dipolar couplings independently. These estimates were used to facilitate analysis of the high-resolution spectra which contain resonances from many solutes. Calculated spectra of m- or o-xylene were subtracted from the experimental high-resolution spectra leaving resonances from the other solutes readily visible, Accurate spectral parameters of all codissolved solutes were determined from the high-resolution spectra. Order parameters and structural parameters (including vibrationally corrected parameters) of m- and o-xylene, m- and o-chlorotoluene, and m- and o-dichlorobenzene were calculated from the dipolar couplings. (C) 2000 Academic Press.},
	keywords = {ELECTRIC-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS, EXCITATION, INTERNAL-ROTATION, NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, orientational order, PHASE, POTENTIALS, SELECTIVE, SOLUTES, SOLVENTS, TRANSITIONS},
	isbn = {1090-7807},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087004900008},
	author = {Syvitski, R. T. and Burnell, E. E.}
}
@article {4676,
	title = {NMR and molecular structure of partially oriented mono and para methyl- and chlorobenzenes dissolved in nematic liquid crystals},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie},
	volume = {77},
	number = {11},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 253FETimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 69},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1761-1774},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Spectral parameters, order parameters, and structural parameters, including the vibrationally corrected r(alpha) structure of the partially oriented solutes p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene dissolved in three liquid crystal mixtures, are reported. For samples containing the three solutes p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance was used to aid in the analysis of the complex high-resolution spectra of the g-xylene. The high-resolution spectra of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene were easily identified and analyzed once the calculated p-xylene spectrum was subtracted from the experimental one. The methyl groups of p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and toluene have similar geometries when the structure is determined from dipolar couplings corrected for harmonic vibrations.},
	keywords = {ELECTRIC-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS, EXCITATION, H-2 NMR, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, MEAN TORQUE, molecular structure, MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR, nematic liquid crystal, NMR, ORDER MATRIX, order parameter, SELECTIVE, SOLUTES, SOLVENTS, SPECTRA},
	isbn = {0008-4042},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000083545300009},
	author = {Syvitski, R. T. and Burnell, E. E.}
}
@article {4070,
	title = {Stereospecific assignment of the NH2 resonances from the primary amides of asparagine and glutamine side chains in isotopically labeled proteins},
	journal = {Journal of Biomolecular Nmr},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: XF937Times Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {306-312},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {An HMQC-based pulse scheme is presented for the stereospecific assignment of asparagine and glutamine side-chain amide protons. The approach makes use of the recently developed quantitative-J correlation spectroscopy [Bar, A. et al. (1994) Methods Enzymol., 239, 79-105] to distinguish the E and Z primary amide protons and, as such, eliminates the need for assignments derived from more time-consuming and potentially ambiguous NOE methods. An application of this method to a uniformly N-15,C-13-labeled cellulose-binding domain is presented. When used in combination with a NOESY-HSQC experiment, the predominant chi(2) dihedral angles of two asparagine side chains in this protein can also be defined.},
	keywords = {ANGLE, BACKBONE AMIDE, C-13 MAGNETIZATION, dihedral, EXCITATION, H-1, HMQC spectroscopy, LARGER PROTEINS, N-15, NMR, primary amide, SATURATION, SPECTRA, SPECTROSCOPY, STEREOSPECIFIC ASSIGNMENT},
	isbn = {0925-2738},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997XF93700008},
	author = {McIntosh, L. P. and Brun, E. and Kay, L. E.}
}
@article {3847,
	title = {Characteristics of an inductively coupled argon plasma operating with organic aerosols .3. Radial spatial profiles of solvent and analyte species},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TR267Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 28},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {43-52},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The effect of organic solvent load on the radial emission profiles for Mg I, Mg a C I, C-2, and CN was measured. The three dimensional information reveals the observation zones where the emission intensity of these species is proportional to solvent load and plasma excitation conditions.},
	keywords = {ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY, EXCITATION, INDUCTIVELY COUPLED ARGON PLASMA, INTENSITY RATIOS, ORGANIC SOLVENT, radial spatial profiles, SOLVENT PLASMA LOAD, TEMPERATURE},
	isbn = {0267-9477},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1996TR26700006},
	author = {Weir, D. G. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {3198,
	title = {THE RESPONSE OF THE INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED ARGON PLASMA TO SOLVENT PLASMA LOAD - SPATIALLY-RESOLVED MAPS OF ELECTRON-DENSITY OBTAINED FROM THE INTENSITY OF ONE ARGON LINE},
	journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy},
	volume = {49},
	number = {12-14},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: QD364Times Cited: 13Cited Reference Count: 40},
	month = {Oct-Dec},
	pages = {1231-1250},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A survey of spatially resolved electron number density (n(e)) in the tail cone of the inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) is presented: all of the results of the survey have been radially inverted by numerical, asymmetric Abel inversion. The survey extends over the entire volume of the plasma beyond the exit of the ICAP torch; It extends over distances of z = 5-25 mm downstream from the induction coil, and over radial distances of +/- 8 mm from the discharge axis. The survey also explores a range of inner argon flow rates (Q(IN)), solvent plasma load (Q(SPL)) and r.f. power: moreover, it explores loading by water, methanol and chloroform. Throughout the survey, n(e) was determined from the intensity of one, optically thin argon line, by a method which assumes that the atomic state distribution function (ASDF) for argon lies close to local thermal equilibrium (LTE). The validity of this assumption is reviewed. Also examined are the discrepancies between n(e) from this method and n(e) from Stark broadening measurements. With the error taken into account, the results of the survey reveal how time averaged values of n(e) in the ICAP respond over an extensive, previously unexplored range of experimental parameters. Moreover, the spatial information lends insight into how the thermal conditions and the transport of energy respond. Overall, the response may be described in terms of energy consumption along the axial channel and thermal pinch within the induction region. The predominating effect depends on the solvent plasma load, the solvent composition, the robustness of the discharge, and the distribution of solvent material over the argon stream.},
	keywords = {ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY, DESOLVATION, EQUILIBRIUM, EXCITATION, GAS-FLOW, INTRODUCTION, NUMBER, SAMPLE, STATE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION, TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION, WATER},
	isbn = {0584-8547},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994QD36400009},
	author = {Weir, D. G. J. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {7034,
	title = {CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PARALLEL-PLATE CAPACITIVELY COUPLED RADIOFREQUENCY PLASMA},
	journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},
	volume = {45},
	number = {9},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: GR646Times Cited: 17Cited Reference Count: 37},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1468-1477},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new design for a radio-frequency, atmospheric-pressure, parallel-plate capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) which uses water-cooled electrodes is described. Four different sizes of quartz tubes were compared with respect to spatial emission features for support gas and analyte species. Torches studied had the following inside dimensions: a 1-mm capillary tube with round cross section, a 2 x 4 mm tube, a 4 x 4 mm tube, and a 6 x 6 mm tube. Relative emission intensities of near-infrared lines for F, Cl, Br, I, C, N, and O atomic and ionic lines excited with the use of the He-CCP are tabulated. The detection limits range from 10 to 78 pg/s.},
	keywords = {ARGON, ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, capacitively coupled plasma, CHLORINE, DETECTOR, EXCITATION, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC, HELIUM PLASMA, MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA, NEAR-INFRARED EMISSION, NONMETAL ATOMIC EMISSION, RED, SPECTRA, SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0003-7028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991GR64600012},
	author = {Huang, D. G. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {7059,
	title = {THE PARTIAL CONTINUOUS SLOWING DOWN APPROXIMATION (PCSDA) IN THE SOLUTION OF THE SPENCER-FANO EQUATION},
	journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
	volume = {176},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: EX468Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 24},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {575-580},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Spencer-Fano equation (SFE) is often used to study the energy distribution of energetic electrons and their moderation in gases. Although accurate results can be obtained from a numerical solution of the SFE, the calculations are time-consuming and instead the continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA), applied to all the collision terms in the SFE, is often used as an alternate more efficient methodology. The work in the present paper considers a modification of the usual CSDA which involves the application of the CSDA to specific collision terms in the SFE rather than to all the terms. This new approximation scheme referred to as the partial continuous slowing down approximation (PCSDA) is applied to the degradation of electrons in N2. The new method is found to give better results than the conventional CSDA and provides a more efficient determination of the degradation spectrum than does the solution of the SFE.},
	keywords = {100 KEV ELECTRONS, ELECTRON DEGRADATION SPECTRA, EXCITATION, G-VALUES, INITIAL PRODUCTS, IONIZATION, MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN, RARE-GAS MODERATORS, SUBEXCITATION ELECTRONS, YIELDS},
	isbn = {0009-2614},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1991EX46800015},
	author = {Kowari, K. and Shizgal, B.}
}
