@article {1244,
	title = {Investigation of selected baseline removal techniques as candidates for automated implementation},
	journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},
	volume = {59},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 924MITimes Cited: 33Cited Reference Count: 122},
	month = {May},
	pages = {545-574},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Observed spectra normally contain spurious features along with those of interest and it is common practice to employ one of several available algorithms to remove the unwanted components. Low frequency spurious components are often referred to as {\textquoteright}baseline{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}background{\textquoteright}, and/or {\textquoteright}background noise{\textquoteright}. Here we examine a cross-section of non-instrumental methods designed to remove background features from spectra; the particular methods considered here represent approaches with different theoretical underpinnings. We compare and evaluate their relative performance based on synthetic data sets designed to exemplify vibrational spectroscopic signals in realistic contexts and thereby assess their suitability for computer automation. Each method is presented in a modular format with a concise review of the underlying theory, along with a comparison and discussion of their strengths, weaknesses, and amenability to automation, in order to facilitate the selection of methods best suited to particular applications.},
	keywords = {artificial neural networks, automated baseline determination, BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION, baseline, baseline correction, DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY, DIMENSIONAL NMR-SPECTRA, first derivative, Fourier transforms, GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH-RESOLUTION, INFRARED SPECTROMETRY, local regression, maximum entropy, noise median, peak picking, peak stripping, QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, REMOVAL, SHIFTED, spectral shifting, TIME-DOMAIN DATA, wavelet transforms},
	isbn = {0003-7028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228982500001},
	author = {Schulze, G. and Jirasek, A. and Yu, M. M. L. and Lim, A. and Turner, R. F. B. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {1244,
	title = {Investigation of selected baseline removal techniques as candidates for automated implementation},
	journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},
	volume = {59},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 924MITimes Cited: 33Cited Reference Count: 122},
	month = {May},
	pages = {545-574},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Observed spectra normally contain spurious features along with those of interest and it is common practice to employ one of several available algorithms to remove the unwanted components. Low frequency spurious components are often referred to as {\textquoteright}baseline{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}background{\textquoteright}, and/or {\textquoteright}background noise{\textquoteright}. Here we examine a cross-section of non-instrumental methods designed to remove background features from spectra; the particular methods considered here represent approaches with different theoretical underpinnings. We compare and evaluate their relative performance based on synthetic data sets designed to exemplify vibrational spectroscopic signals in realistic contexts and thereby assess their suitability for computer automation. Each method is presented in a modular format with a concise review of the underlying theory, along with a comparison and discussion of their strengths, weaknesses, and amenability to automation, in order to facilitate the selection of methods best suited to particular applications.},
	keywords = {artificial neural networks, automated baseline determination, BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION, baseline, baseline correction, DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY, DIMENSIONAL NMR-SPECTRA, first derivative, Fourier transforms, GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH-RESOLUTION, INFRARED SPECTROMETRY, local regression, maximum entropy, noise median, peak picking, peak stripping, QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, REMOVAL, SHIFTED, spectral shifting, TIME-DOMAIN DATA, wavelet transforms},
	isbn = {0003-7028},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228982500001},
	author = {Schulze, G. and Jirasek, A. and Yu, M. M. L. and Lim, A. and Turner, R. F. B. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {738,
	title = {Direct determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid matrices using laser desorption/laser photoionization ion trap mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 684BJTimes Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 48},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {562-570},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The development and characterization of a new instrument for solid sampling which couples IR laser desorption followed by UV laser photo-ionization and analysis using an ion trap mass spectrometer has been investigated. For calibration, a new type of solid sample preparation involving activated charcoal as the solid substrate was used. This solid sample provided a steady signal for several thousand laser shots, which allowed optimization of the experimental procedure. It was found that both the IR and UV intensity and the delay between them play an important role in both the magnitude and type of signals observed. A method of gas phase accumulation with multiple laser shots was examined. Finally, this technique was demonstrated to be effective in providing direct qualitative information. for N.I.S.T. SRM 1944 river sediment sample with no sample pre-treatment. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2003,14,562-570) (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.},
	keywords = {CONTAMINATED SOILS, ENVIRONMENT, FLUORESCENCE, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, IONIZATION DETECTION, MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION, ORGANIC-SURFACE ANALYSIS, SIMULATION, SPECTROSCOPY, THERMAL-DESORPTION},
	isbn = {1044-0305},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000183185300002},
	author = {Specht, A. A. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {5011,
	title = {A capacitively coupled microplasma (CC mu P) formed in a channel in a quartz wafer},
	journal = {Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry},
	volume = {16},
	number = {9},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 477MPTimes Cited: 42Cited Reference Count: 172001 European Winter Conference in Plasma SpectrochemistryFEB 04-08, 2001LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {919-921},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {An optical emission plasma source with dimensions as small as 0.25 x 0.25 x 5 mm has been implemented on a quartz wafer. The He plasma, formed using a parallel plate, capacitively coupled geometry, operates at atmospheric pressure, uses a 13.56 MHz power source at 5-25 W, with gas flows between 17-150 mL min (1), and is self-igniting. Parallel-plate capacitive power coupling is nearly ideal for generating and sustaining a plasma discharge "on a chip" since it can be implemented using a very simple electrode structure and does not require tuned or resonant structures.},
	keywords = {ANALYSIS SYSTEMS, ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE, EMISSION DETECTOR, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, MICROSTRIP TECHNOLOGY, PLASMA SOURCE, SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0267-9477},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171287600003},
	author = {Bass, A. and Chevalier, C. and Blades, M. W.}
}
@article {4534,
	title = {Methylated bismuth in the environment},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {13},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 243BTTimes Cited: 24Cited Reference Count: 424th International Conference on Biological and Environmental Aspects of Main Group OrganometallicsJUN, 1998ODENSE, DENMARK},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {739-748},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {Biomethylation of metals and metalloids of Group 14 and 15 metals such as tin, lead and arsenic takes place in the environment, but information about methylated bismuth compounds is rather limited, although bismuth compounds are used widely in alloys, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, Cryotrapping gas chromatography and hydride generation gas chromatography coupled with an ICP-MS as a bismuth-selective detector were used to determine volatile bismuth compounds in landfill and in sewage gas, as well as non-volatile methylated compounds in water and sediment samples, One volatile bismuth compound could be determined in gaseous samples; it was identified as Me3Bi (TMB) by element-specific detection (ICP-MS, m/z 209), matching the retention time with a TMB standard. The molecular structure was recently confirmed by gas-chromatographic fractionation with MS-ion trap detection (electron impact), Among other volatile metal compounds, TMB is a major component in the gases of sewage sludge digesters: concentrations of up to 25 mu g m(-3) have been measured at eight sewage treatment plants, The concentration in landfill gas was approximately one order of magnitude lower. In laboratory experiments, fermenters containing an anaerobic culture from a clean pond sludge were mixed with contaminated soil from four different industrial areas, After an incubation time of two weeks at 30 degrees C in the dark, TMB was detected in the headspace of all the samples, The volatilization rate of bismuth did mot correlate with the total amount of bismuth: in the sediments or with the available fraction after acid digestion following hydride generation. Some evidence was obtained for the occurrence of methylated bismuth compounds in water samples and in sediments, Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION, BIOMETHYLATION, BISMUTH, deposits, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, ICP-MS, landfill gas, PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY, sewage gas, SPECIATION, VOLATILE METAL, WASTE},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082977800010},
	author = {Feldmann, J. and Krupp, E. M. and Glindemann, D. and Hirner, A. V. and Cullen, W. R.}
}
@article {4306,
	title = {Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative estimation of lysergic acid diethylamide in urine},
	journal = {Clinical Chemistry},
	volume = {44},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: ZL795Times Cited: 5Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {May},
	pages = {985-990},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A new antibody to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was used to develop a novel indirect ELISA for the quantification of drug in urine. Evaluation of the new assay with the commercially available LSD ELISA (STC Diagnostics) shows improved performance. The test requires 50 mu L of urine, which is used to measure concentrations of drug in the mu g/L to ng/L range. The Limit of detection was 8 ng/L compared with 85 ng/L in the commercial assay, and analytical recoveries were 98-106\%. Our test detected 0.1 mu g/L of LSD in urine with an intraassay CV of 2.4\% (n = 8) compared with 6.0\% for a 0.5 mu g/L sample in the commercial assay (n = 20). The upper and lower limits of quantification were estimated to be 7 mu g/L and 50 ng/L, respectively. Specificity was evaluated by measuring the extent of cross-reactivity with 24 related substances. Drug determination using the new assay offers both improved sensitivity and precision compared with existing methods, thus facilitating the preliminary quantitative estimation of LSD in urine at lower concentrations with a greater degree of certainty.},
	keywords = {AFFINITY, BODY-FLUIDS, ELISA, GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY, METABOLITES, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES, N-DEMETHYL-LSD, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, SERUM, TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0009-9147},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073472300014},
	author = {Kerrigan, S. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
