@article {4584,
	title = {Immunochemical extraction and detection of LSD in whole blood},
	journal = {Journal of Immunological Methods},
	volume = {224},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 195AQTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {11-18},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Polyclonal antibodies raised against the hallucinogenic drug, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), were used to detect and extract drug from whole blood samples. An indirect ELISA was used to detect as little as 1 pg of total drug in 25 mu l blood. The limit of detection of the immunoassay, calculated from the mean - 3 SD was 39 pg/ml. The analytical recovery of LSD (2.5-0.2 ng/ml) from whole blood was 102-113\%. Within-run CVs for LSD spiked in blood at 1.25, 0.16 and 0.04 ng/ml were 5.6, 3.1, and 8.9\%, respectively (n = 4). There was an overall decrease in precision when whole blood was used in place of urine, due to the increased complexity of the matrix. However, using this technique LSD was calibrated in blood in the sub-ng/ml region of forensic interest. Immunoaffinity extraction was used to isolate LSD from blood and urine samples. The affinity support was prepared by covalently attaching anti-LSD antibodies to Protein A-coated agarose beads. No pre-treatment of the sample was required other than the addition of neutral buffer. Sub-ng/ml concentrations of LSD were routinely extracted from blood and urine samples with greater than 80\% recovery of drug. This technique, which could be used to extract LSD from blood and urine samples prior to confirmatory drug analysis, could be completed in about 10 min. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BLOOD, CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, CONFIRMATION, ELISA, HUMAN URINE, immunoaffinity extraction, IMMUNOASSAY, LSD, LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE, N-DEMETHYL-LSD, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, SERUM},
	isbn = {0022-1759},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000080227300002},
	author = {Kerrigan, S. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {4305,
	title = {Optimization and immunological characterization of a photochemically coupled lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) immunogen},
	journal = {Bioconjugate Chemistry},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 125MYTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Sep-Oct},
	pages = {596-603},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A photoreactive heterobifunctional linker was used to prepare an immunogen in which lysergic acid diethylamide was indirectly coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin at multiple sites on the drug. It was possible to attach approximately 35 drug molecules to each protein using approximately equal amounts of both species during the reaction. The presence of buffer components or water severely compromised reaction efficiency, as estimated from the molar substitution ratio. Factors such as excess linker, pH, irradiation of dry matrix in the absence of buffer, and the drug/protein ratio used during photolysis were shown to have pronounced effects on reaction efficiency. Structural insights regarding immunogen coupling were obtained by determining the specificities of antibodies which were raised against the immunogen. Cross-reactivity data indicated that haptenation of protein likely occurred at positions N1 and N6 of lysergic acid diethylamide, which is plausible given the electrophilicity of the photogenerated aryl nitrene.},
	keywords = {BINDING, CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS, EPITOPE, FUNCTIONALIZED PERFLUOROPHENYL AZIDES, IMMUNOASSAY, IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY, photolysis, PROTEIN, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, SERUM-ALBUMIN},
	isbn = {1043-1802},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076242400008},
	author = {Kerrigan, S. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
