@article {5000,
	title = {Antimony biomethylation by the wood rotting fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii},
	journal = {Applied Organometallic Chemistry},
	volume = {15},
	number = {6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 435TUTimes Cited: 18Cited Reference Count: 27},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {473-480},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The wood rotting fungus, Phaeolus schweinitzii, efficiently transforms the antimony(III) compounds potassium antimony tartrate and antimony trioxide to nonvolatile dimethylantimony and trimethylantimony species, The organoantimony species were detected in potato dextrose broth media samples by using hydride generation-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-GC-AAS). The average concentrations of trimethylantimony species after 40 days incubation with potassium antimony tartrate were approximately 35 mug, 155 mug and 520 mug Sb/l, for substrate concentrations of 10 mg, 100 mg and 1000 mg Sb/l respectively. Thus, the maximum yield of trimethylantimony species was approximately 0.4\%, When antimony trioxide (saturated solution, 4 mg Sb/l) was used as a substrate, the average concentration of trimethylantimony species was 150 mug Sb/l after 40 days. The HG-GC-AAS response for the dimethylantimony species was less than that for the trimethylantimony species; however, quantification was not possible because of the lack of an appropriate standard. In comparison, cultures of P, schweinitzii incubated with 1 mg As/I as sodium arsenite contained approximately 200 mug As/I as trimethylarsenic species, i.e. 20\% yield, Biomethylation of antimony(V) was inefficient: cultures contained only 3 mug Sb/l as trimethylantimony species after incubation with 100 mg Sb/l as potassium hexahydroxyantimonate, No organoantimony species were detected in control cultures that contained only medium and inorganic antimony compounds. The identities of the organoantimony species were confirmed by using CC-Mass Spectrometry, Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY, chromatography-atomic, CONFIRMATION, CULTURES, dimethylantimony, GENERATION, GROWTH, HUMICOLA, hydride generation-gas, infant death syndrome (SIDS), INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, MICROORGANISMS, Phaeolus schweinitzii, SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS, SPECIATION, sudden, trimethylantimony},
	isbn = {0268-2605},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000168897900005},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E. and Reimer, K. J.}
}
@article {4719,
	title = {Arsenic and antimony biomethylation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Interaction of arsenic and antimony compounds},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {11},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 320GXTimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 26},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {2249-2253},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The biomethylation of arsenic by the filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is well documented, and the biomethylation of antimony by this fungus was recently established. However, in all the previous studies each metalloid was studied in isolation. Arsenic and antimony are often associated in the environment, and so an understanding of interactions between these elements is necessary. To this end, S. brevicaulis was grown in media containing mixtures of arsenic and antimony compounds in various proportions, and the principle nonvolatile biomethylation products (trimethylantimony and trimethylarsenic species) in the medium were quantified by using HG-GC-AAS. It was found that the yield of trimethylantimony compounds, obtained from the biomethylation of potassium antimony tartrate, was increased in the presence of sodium arsenite. The production of trimethylarsenic species from sodium arsenite was significantly inhibited in the presence of antimony (either as potassium antimony tartrate or antimony trioxide) at antimony concentrations too low to inhibit growth. This is although arsenic(III), in the absence of antimony, is much more readily biomethylated. That is 1.2-5.3\% of added arsenic is biomethylated by S. brevicaulis whereas only 0.0006-0.008\% of added antimony(III) is biomethylated over 1 month. Potassium hexahydroxyantimonate had no effect on arsenic biomethylation. The addition of potassium tartrate to cultures did not inhibit arsenic biomethylation. The biomethylation of sodium arsenate was not inhibited as much by antimony compounds. The inhibitory effect of antimony was found to be a function of the ratio of antimony to arsenic rather than the absolute amount of antimony.},
	keywords = {CONFIRMATION, CULTURES, HUMICOLA, HYDRIDE GENERATION, INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME, INORGANIC ANTIMONY, MICROORGANISMS, RELEVANCE, SPECIATION, SPECTROMETRY},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087394400040},
	author = {Andrewes, P. and Cullen, W. R. and Polishchuk, E.}
}
@article {4584,
	title = {Immunochemical extraction and detection of LSD in whole blood},
	journal = {Journal of Immunological Methods},
	volume = {224},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 195AQTimes Cited: 10Cited Reference Count: 19},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {11-18},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Polyclonal antibodies raised against the hallucinogenic drug, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), were used to detect and extract drug from whole blood samples. An indirect ELISA was used to detect as little as 1 pg of total drug in 25 mu l blood. The limit of detection of the immunoassay, calculated from the mean - 3 SD was 39 pg/ml. The analytical recovery of LSD (2.5-0.2 ng/ml) from whole blood was 102-113\%. Within-run CVs for LSD spiked in blood at 1.25, 0.16 and 0.04 ng/ml were 5.6, 3.1, and 8.9\%, respectively (n = 4). There was an overall decrease in precision when whole blood was used in place of urine, due to the increased complexity of the matrix. However, using this technique LSD was calibrated in blood in the sub-ng/ml region of forensic interest. Immunoaffinity extraction was used to isolate LSD from blood and urine samples. The affinity support was prepared by covalently attaching anti-LSD antibodies to Protein A-coated agarose beads. No pre-treatment of the sample was required other than the addition of neutral buffer. Sub-ng/ml concentrations of LSD were routinely extracted from blood and urine samples with greater than 80\% recovery of drug. This technique, which could be used to extract LSD from blood and urine samples prior to confirmatory drug analysis, could be completed in about 10 min. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BLOOD, CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY, CONFIRMATION, ELISA, HUMAN URINE, immunoaffinity extraction, IMMUNOASSAY, LSD, LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE, N-DEMETHYL-LSD, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, SERUM},
	isbn = {0022-1759},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000080227300002},
	author = {Kerrigan, S. and Brooks, D. E.}
}
@article {3139,
	title = {EVALUATION OF MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST},
	journal = {Biological Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {23},
	number = {12},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: PX594Times Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {749-755},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was investigated for arsenic speciation of compounds of environmental interest. It is a very sensitive mass spectrometric technique which can detect as little as 0.3 ng of arsenic or 4 pmol of the arsenical under investigation. This feature suggests that the method could be used for the identification of minor arsenic components in environmental samples, Additional advantages of the technique are its capability of providing molecular ions as well as fragment ions for a variety of arsenicals, and allowing for a certain degree of control in compound fragmentation, by adjusting the N-2 laser power. Quantitative analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS is still considered a highly unreliable procedure since many variables associated with sample preparation and analytical procedure can seriously affect the results.},
	keywords = {arsenic, arsenobetaine, ARSENOCHOLINE, COMPOUNDS, CONFIRMATION, desorption, FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT, IDENTIFICATION, OLIGOSACCHARIDES, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECIATION},
	isbn = {1052-9306},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1994PX59400005},
	author = {Pergantis, S. A. and Cullen, W. R. and Eigendorf, G. K.}
}
