@article {RADCHENKO201725,
	title = {Proton-induced production and radiochemical isolation of 44Ti from scandium metal targets for 44Ti/44Sc generator development},
	journal = {Nuclear Medicine and Biology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {25 - 32},
	abstract = {Scandium-44g (half-life 3.97h) shows promise for application in positron emission tomography (PET), due to favorable decay parameters. One of the sources of 44gSc is the 44Ti/44gSc generator, which can conveniently provide this radioisotope on a daily basis at a diagnostic facility. Titanium-44 (half-life 60.0 a), in turn, can be obtained via proton irradiation of scandium metal targets. A substantial 44Ti product batch, however, requires high beam currents, long irradiation times and an elaborate chemical procedure for 44Ti isolation and purification. This study describes the production of a combined 175MBq (4.7mCi) batch yield of 44Ti in week long proton irradiations at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility (LANL-IPF) and the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BNL-BLIP). A two-step ion exchange chromatography based chemical separation method is introduced: first, a coarse separation of 44Ti via anion exchange sorption in concentrated HCl results in a 44Tc/Sc separation factor of 102{\textendash}103. A second, cation exchange based step in HCl media is then applied for 44Ti fine purification from residual Sc mass. In summary, this method yields a 90{\textendash}97\% 44Ti recovery with an overall Ti/Sc separation factor of >=106.},
	keywords = {Ion exchange chromatography, Proton irradiation, Scandium target, Ti, Ti/Sc generator},
	issn = {0969-8051},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.03.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805116304115},
	author = {Valery Radchenko and Jonathan W. Engle and Dmitri G. Medvedev and Joel M. Maassen and Cleo M. Naranjo and George A. Unc and Catherine A.L. Meyer and Tara Mastren and Mark Brugh and Leonard Mausner and Cathy S. Cutler and Eva R. Birnbaum and Kevin D. John and F. Meiring Nortier and Michael E. Fassbender}
}
@article {RADCHENKO201639,
	title = {Separation of 44Ti from proton irradiated scandium by using solid-phase extraction chromatography and design of 44Ti/44Sc generator system},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatography A},
	volume = {1477},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {39 - 46},
	abstract = {Scandium-44g (half-life 3.97h [1]) shows promise for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of longer biological processes than that of the current gold standard, 18F, due to its favorable decay parameters. One source of 44gSc is the long-lived parent nuclide 44Ti (half-life 60.0 a). A 44Ti/44gSc generator would have the ability to provide radionuclidically pure 44gSc on a daily basis. The production of 44Ti via the 45Sc(p,2n) reaction requires high proton beam currents and long irradiation times. Recovery and purification of no-carrier added (nca) 44Ti from scandium metal targets involves complex separation chemistry. In this study, separation systems based on solid phase extraction chromatography were investigated, including branched diglycolamide (BDGA) resin and hydroxamate based ZR resin. Results indicate that ZR resin in HCl media represents an effective 44Ti/44gSc separation system.},
	keywords = {BDGA, Sc, Scandium metal target, Solid phase extraction chromatography, Ti, ZR resin},
	issn = {0021-9673},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.047},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967316315795},
	author = {V. Radchenko and C.A.L. Meyer and J.W. Engle and C.M. Naranjo and G.A. Unc and T. Mastren and M. Brugh and E.R. Birnbaum and K.D. John and F.M. Nortier and M.E. Fassbender}
}
