@article {RADCHENKO2017318,
	title = {Radiometric evaluation of diglycolamide resins for the chromatographic separation of actinium from fission product lanthanides},
	journal = {Talanta},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {318 - 324},
	abstract = {Actinium-225 is a potential Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) isotope. It can be generated with high energy (>= 100MeV) proton irradiation of thorium targets. The main challenge in the chemical recovery of 225Ac lies in the separation from thorium and many fission by-products most importantly radiolanthanides. We recently developed a separation strategy based on a combination of cation exchange and extraction chromatography to isolate and purify 225Ac. In this study, actinium and lanthanide equilibrium distribution coefficients and column elution behavior for both TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide) and TEHDGA (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide) were determined. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed and were in agreement with experimental observations providing the foundation for understanding of the selectivity for Ac and lanthanides on different DGA (diglycolamide) based resins. The results of Gibbs energy (ΔGaq) calculations confirm significantly higher selectivity of DGA based resins for LnIII over AcIII in the presence of nitrate. DFT calculations and experimental results reveal that Ac chemistry cannot be predicted from lanthanide behavior under comparable circumstances.},
	keywords = {Ac, Diglycolamide resins, Distribution coefficients, Extraction chromatography, Gibbs sorption energy, Lanthanide separation},
	issn = {0039-9140},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.057},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039914017307798},
	author = {Valery Radchenko and Tara Mastren and Catherine A.L. Meyer and Alexander S. Ivanov and Vyacheslav S. Bryantsev and Roy Copping and David Denton and Jonathan W. Engle and Justin R. Griswold and Karen Murphy and Justin J. Wilson and Allison Owens and Lance Wyant and Eva R. Birnbaum and Jonathan Fitzsimmons and Dmitri Medvedev and Cathy S. Cutler and Leonard F. Mausner and Meiring F. Nortier and Kevin D. John and Saed Mirzadeh and Michael E. Fassbender}
}
@article {GRISWOLD2016366,
	title = {Large scale accelerator production of 225Ac: Effective cross sections for 78{\textendash}192MeV protons incident on 232Th targets},
	journal = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {366 - 374},
	abstract = {Actinium-225 and 213Bi have been used successfully in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in preclinical and clinical research. This paper is a continuation of research activities aiming to expand the availability of 225Ac. The high-energy proton spallation reaction on natural thorium metal targets has been utilized to produce millicurie quantities of 225Ac. The results of sixteen irradiation experiments of thorium metal at beam energies between 78 and 192MeV are summarized in this work. Irradiations have been conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), while target dissolution and processing was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Excitation functions for actinium and thorium isotopes, as well as for some of the fission products, are presented. The cross sections for production of 225Ac range from 3.6 to 16.7mb in the incident proton energy range of 78{\textendash}192MeV. Based on these data, production of curie quantities of 225Ac is possible by irradiating a 5.0gcm-2 232Th target for 10 days in either BNL or LANL proton irradiation facilities.},
	keywords = {Ac, actinium, Alpha-emitting, Ba, Ce, MO, Proton irradiation, RADIOTHERAPY, Th, Thorium},
	issn = {0969-8043},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.09.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804316307795},
	author = {J.R. Griswold and D.G. Medvedev and J.W. Engle and R. Copping and J.M. Fitzsimmons and V. Radchenko and J.C. Cooley and M.E. Fassbender and D.L. Denton and K.E. Murphy and A.C. Owens and E.R. Birnbaum and K.D. John and F.M. Nortier and D.W. Stracener and L.H. Heilbronn and L.F. Mausner and S. Mirzadeh}
}
