@article {1011,
	title = {Comparison of anti-hyperglycemic effect amongst vanadium, molybdenum and other metal maltol complexes},
	journal = {Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry},
	volume = {98},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 824HVTimes Cited: 37Cited Reference Count: 7411th International Conference on Biological Inorganic ChemistryJUL 19-23, 2003Cairns, AUSTRALIA},
	month = {May},
	pages = {683-690},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {A wide variety of vanadium-containing complexes have been tested, both in vivo and in vitro, as possible therapeutic agents for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. None so far has surpassed bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) for glucose- and lipid-lowering in an orally available formulation. Ligand choice is clearly an important factor in pharmacological efficacy of vanadium compounds as insulin enhancing agents. In this study, we kept the ligand and dose the same, varying instead the metal ion bound to the maltolato ligand in a series of binary complexes of neutral charge. A requirement for vanadyl ion as the metal ion of choice was apparent; no other metal ion tested served as a suitable substitute. Amongst [MoO2](2+), Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), and Zn(II), only [MoO2](2+) and Co(II) showed any hypoglycemic activity at the ED50 dose for bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), 0.6 mmol kg(-1) by oral gavage in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats within 72 It of administration of compound. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION, CHROMIUM, cobalt, COORDINATION MODE, copper, DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS, GLUCOSE-METABOLISM, IN-VIVO, INSULIN, LIPID-METABOLISM, MOLYBDENUM, RATS, VANADIUM, zinc, ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION},
	isbn = {0162-0134},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000221678300004},
	author = {Thompson, K. H. and Chiles, J. and Yuen, V. G. and Tse, J. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {524,
	title = {Influence of chelation and oxidation state on vanadium bioavailability, and their effects on tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron},
	journal = {Biological Trace Element Research},
	volume = {86},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 541ZTTimes Cited: 27Cited Reference Count: 45},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {31-44},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Today, vanadium compounds are frequently included in nutritional supplements and are also being developed for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Previously, tissue uptake of vanadium from bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) was shown to be increased compared to its uptake from vanadyl sulfate (VS). Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that complexation increases vanadium uptake and that this effect is independent of oxidation state. A secondary objective was to compare the effects of vanadium complexation and oxidation state on tissue iron, copper, and zinc. Wistar rats were fed either ammonium metavanadate (AMV), VS, or BMOV (1.2 mM each in the drinking water). Tissue uptake of V following 12 wk of BMOV or AMV was higher than that from VS (p < 0.05). BMOV led to decreased tissue Zn and increased bone Fe content. The same three compounds were compared in a cellular model of absorption (Caco-2 cells). Vanadium uptake from VS was higher than that from BMOV or AMV at 10 min, but from BMOV (250 \&mu;M only, 60 min), uptake was far greater than from AMV or VS. These results show that neither complexation nor oxidation state alone are adequate predictors of relative absorption, tissue accumulation, or trace element interactions.},
	keywords = {ABSORPTION, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), bone, CACO-2, Caco-2 cells, COMPLEXES, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-METABOLISM, IN-VITRO, INSULIN, kidney, ORTHO-VANADATE, skeletal muscle, SULFATE, VANADIUM, zinc},
	isbn = {0163-4984},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000175018100004},
	author = {Thompson, K. H. and Tsukada, Y. and Xu, Z. M. and Battell, M. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4957,
	title = {Design of vanadium compounds as insulin enhancing agents},
	journal = {Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions},
	number = {17},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 348MDTimes Cited: 77Cited Reference Count: 123},
	pages = {2885-2892},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Vanadium compounds, in vitro, stimulate glucose uptake and inhibit lipid breakdown, in a manner remarkably reminiscent of insulin{\textquoteright}s effects. In vivo, vanadium enhances insulin{\textquoteright}s plasma glucose and lipid-lowering properties, leading to normalization of diabetic symptoms in the presence of only minimal endogenous insulin. The coordination chemistry of vanadium has great versatility for adjustment of pharmacological characteristics. Vanadium compounds are generally also very redox active, which is both advantageous and detrimental for optimizing biochemical function. In this perspective, we review and comment on how these properties have been revealed, what questions have arisen along the way, and where future investigations may be headed. While this is not a comprehensive overview of all available compounds touted as {\textquoteright}insulin enhancing agents{\textquoteright}, it will focus on those which are distinctive in some way, or which are representative of the larger library of vanadium compounds, including all currently known relevant oxidation states of vanadium.},
	keywords = {AGENT, BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS, DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS, ECHO ENVELOPE, GLUCOSE-METABOLISM, IN-VIVO, MIMETIC, MODULATION, PEROXOVANADIUM COMPOUNDS, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, STREPTOZOTOCIN-TREATED RATS, TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION},
	isbn = {1470-479X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088987800001},
	author = {Thompson, K. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4683,
	title = {Vanadium compounds as insulin mimics},
	journal = {Chemical Reviews},
	volume = {99},
	number = {9},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 235XUTimes Cited: 376Cited Reference Count: 124},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2561-2571},
	type = {Review},
	keywords = {AGENT BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) BMOV, BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS, COMPOUNDS, GLUCOSE-METABOLISM, IN-VIVO, MIMETIC AGENT, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PEROXOVANADIUM, PHOSPHOTYROSINE PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS, STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC RATS, TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION},
	isbn = {0009-2665},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082569800015},
	author = {Thompson, K. H. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
