@article {1241,
	title = {Coordination chemistry and insulin-enhancing behavior of vanadium complexes with maltol C6H6O3 structural isomers},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {44},
	number = {8},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 916GWTimes Cited: 19Cited Reference Count: 49},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {2689-2697},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Syntheses of vanadium complexes using the naturally occurring ligands isomaltol (Hima) and allomaltol (Hama), as well as a newly synthesized, potentially tetradentate diaminodipyrone [H-2(en(ama)(2)], are reported. Complete characterization of the resulting compounds [trans-VO(ima)(2)(H2O), VO(ama)(2), V(ima)(3), V(ama)(3) and VO(en(ama)(2))], including X-ray crystallography analyses for trans-VO(ima)(2)(H2O) and V(ima)3, are presented herein. Potentiometric titrations (25 degrees C, / = 0.16 M NaCl) were used to measure stability constants in the V(IV)-Hima system; these data were compared to previous data collected on the V(IV)-L (L = Hma, Hama) systems. The in vivo efficacy of these compounds to lower the blood glucose levels of STZ-diabetic rats was tested; all but VO(en(ama)2) produced significant decreases in plasma glucose levels. The results were compared to those of the benchmark compound BMOV [VO(ma)(2), bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)], a known insulin-enhancing agent.},
	keywords = {aluminum, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIABETIC-RATS, ISOMALTOL, LIGANDS, REFINEMENT, SPECIATION, therapy, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228374400019},
	author = {Saatchi, K. and Thompson, K. H. and Patrick, B. O. and Pink, M. and Yuen, V. G. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {499,
	title = {Effects of diabetes, vanadium, and insulin on glycogen synthase activation in Wistar rats},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry},
	volume = {231},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 527LATimes Cited: 21Cited Reference Count: 51},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {23-35},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In vivo effects of insulin and vanadium treatment on glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity were determined in Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The skeletal muscle was freeze-clamped before or following an insulin injection (5 U/kg i.v.). Diabetes, vanadium, and insulin in vivo treatment did not affect muscle GSK-3beta activity as compared to controls. Following insulin stimulation in 4-week STZ-diabetic rats muscle GS fractional activity (GSFA) was increased 3 fold (p < 0.05), while in 7-week diabetic rats it remained unchanged, suggesting development of insulin resistance in longer term diabetes. Muscle PP1 activity was increased in diabetic rats and returned to normal after vanadium treatment, while muscle GSFA remained unchanged. Therefore, it is possible that PP1 is involved in the regulation of some other cellular events of vanadium (other than regulation of glycogen synthesis). The lack of effect of vanadium treatment in stimulating glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle suggests the involvement of other metabolic pathways in the observed glucoregulatory effect of vanadium.},
	keywords = {BLOOD-GLUCOSE, GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT, glycogen, IN-VITRO, insulin resistance, MELLITUS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM, PHOSPHORYLATION, PROTEIN-KINASE-B, RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE, S6 KINASE, serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, SYNTHESIS, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0300-8177},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174186500004},
	author = {Semiz, S. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
@article {508,
	title = {Reduction of [VO2(ma)(2)](-) and [VO2(ema)(2)](-) by ascorbic acid and glutathione: Kinetic studies of pro-drugs for the enhancement of insulin action},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {41},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 532TZTimes Cited: 38Cited Reference Count: 31},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1357-1364},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{To shed light on the role of V(V) complexes as pro-drugs for theirV(IV) analogues, the kinetics of the reduction reactions of [VO2(ma)(2)](-) or [VO2(ema)(2)](-) (Hma = maltol},
	keywords = {AGENT BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) BMOV, CHEMISTRY, COMPLEXES, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE-LOWERING PROPERTIES, LIGANDS, MIMETIC AGENT, SULFATE, VANADATE, VANADIUM COMPOUNDS},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000174492300008},
	author = {Song, B. and Aebischer, N. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4616,
	title = {Vanadium complexes as insulin mimetic agents: Coordination chemistry and in vivo studies of oxovanadium(IV) and dioxovanadate(V) complexes formed from naturally occurring chelating oxazolinate, thiazolinate, or picolinate units},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {38},
	number = {10},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 199BHTimes Cited: 72Cited Reference Count: 34},
	month = {May},
	pages = {2288-2293},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{The synthesis and characterization of four complexes containing naturally occurring binding groups are reported: VO(pic)(2). H2O (Hpic = picolinic or pyridine-2-carboxylic acid), NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O, VO(oz)(2) (Hoz = 2-(2{\textquoteright}- hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline), and VO(thoz)(2) (Hthoz = 2-(2{\textquoteright}-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline). The X-ray structures of [NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O, VO(oz)(2), and VO(thoz)(2) have been determined. Crystals of NH4[VO2(pic)(2)]. 2H(2)O (C12H12N3O6V . 2H(2)O) are monoclinic, space group Cc, a 10.347(2) Angstrom},
	keywords = {BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), BMOV, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, DIABETIC RATS, GLUCOSE, NMR, SIDEROPHORE, SULFATE, SYSTEM, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0020-1669},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000080459200009},
	author = {Melchior, M. and Thompson, K. H. and Jong, J. M. and Rettig, S. J. and Shuter, E. and Yuen, V. G. and Zhou, Y. and McNeill, J. H. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {4167,
	title = {Glucose-lowering properties of vanadium compounds: Comparison of coordination complexes with maltol or kojic acid as ligands},
	journal = {Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry},
	volume = {68},
	number = {2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: YA963Times Cited: 72Cited Reference Count: 44},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {109-116},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bis(kojato)oxovanadium(IV) [abbreviated VO(ka)(2)], a close chemical analog of the insulin-mimetic lead compound bis(maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) - abbreviated BMOV or VO(ma)(2) - is reported and its reaction chemistry and insulin-mimetic properties are presented. VO(ka)(2) [log K-1 = 7.61(10), log K-2 = 6.89(6), log beta(2) = 14.50(16)] has a reaction chemistry which directly parallels that of VO(ma)(2). In aqueous solution it is more slowly oxidized by molecular oxygen to [VO2(ka)(2)](-) than is VO(ma)(2) to [VO2(ma)(2)](-). Variable pH electrochemistry and variable pH V-51 NMR of solutions of VO(Ka)(2) are presented and contrasted with the corresponding results for VO(ma)(2). Time course studies (24 hr) in Sn-diabetic rats following the oral or ip administration of VO(ka)(2), VO(ma)(2), VO2+ (vanadyl) as vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4), and [VO2(ma)(2)](-) as its [NH4](+) salt have been performed, as have chronic oral studies comparing VO(ka)(2) and VO(ma)(2) over a six week period. lit all studies, the most potent form of vanadium was the neutrally charged water soluble, complex VO(ma)(2). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.},
	keywords = {ALUMINUM(III), BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) BMOV, DIABETIC RATS, INHIBITOR, INSULIN MIMETIC AGENT, ISOLATED RAT ADIPOCYTES, LABILE, METABOLISM, OXOVANADATES, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0162-0134},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YA96300005},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Caravan, P. and Gelmini, L. and Glover, N. and McNeill, J. H. and Setyawati, I. A. and Zhou, Y. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {3447,
	title = {Increased potency of vanadium using organic ligands},
	journal = {Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry},
	volume = {153},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: TM620Times Cited: 45Cited Reference Count: 46Vanadium SymposiumJUL 29-31, 1994MONTREAL, CANADACanadian Diabet Assoc, Fonds Rech Sante Quebec, Juvenile Diabet Fdn Canada, Marion Merrell Dow Canada, McGill Univ, Med Res Council Canada, Medisense Canada Inc, Merck Frosst, Canada Inc, Miles Canada Inc},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {175-180},
	type = {Proceedings Paper},
	abstract = {The in vivo glucose lowering effect of orally administered inorganic vanadium compounds in diabetes was first reported in our laboratory in 1985. While both vanadate and vanadyl forms of vanadium are orally active, they are still not well absorbed. We have synthesized several organic vanadium compounds and one compound, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(lv) or BMOV, has been extensively investigated. BMOV proved effective in lowering plasma glucose and lipids in STZ-diabetic: rats when administered in drinking water over a 25 week period. The maintenance dose (0.18 mmol/kg/day) was approximately 50\% of that required for vanadyl sulfate (VS). Secondary complications of diabetes were prevented by BMOV and no marked toxicity was noted. Oral gavage of STZ-diabetic rats with BMOV also reduced blood glucose levels. The ED(50) for BMOV was 0.5 mmol/kg, while for VS the estimated ED(50) was 0.9 mmol/kg. BMOV was also effective by the intraperitoneal route in STZ-diabetic rats. The ED(50) was 0.08 mmol/kg compared to 0.22 mmol/kg for VS. Some animals treated p.o. or i.p. remained euglycemic for up to 14 weeks. An i.v. infusion of BMOV of 0.05 mmol/kg over a 30 min period reduced plasma glucose levels by 50\% while VS was not effective.},
	keywords = {ADIPOCYTES, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), diabetes, DIABETIC, GLUCOSE, HYPERTENSION, IMPROVEMENT, INSULIN ACTION, insulin-mimetic, RATS, RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE, resistance, SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS, VANADATE, VANADIUM},
	isbn = {0300-8177},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1995TM62000024},
	author = {McNeill, J. H. and Yuen, V. G. and Dai, S. T. and Orvig, Chris}
}
@article {2940,
	title = {GLUCOSE-LOWERING EFFECTS OF A NEW ORGANIC VANADIUM COMPLEX, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV)},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: LN775Times Cited: 84Cited Reference Count: 39},
	month = {Mar-Apr},
	pages = {263-269},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucose-lowering effects. BMOV was administered in the drinking water for 25 weeks to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, male Wistar rats. BMOV treatment produced a stable euglycemic state in 70\% of diabetic treated animals. The other 30\% of the diabetic treated animals demonstrated fluctuations in glucose control over the entire study period. The initial effective dose of BMOV was 0.45 mmol/kg, which decreased to an effective maintenance dose of 0. 18 mmol/kg, significantly lower than the dose of inorganic vanadium salts used in previous studies. BMOV treatment did significantly reduce fluid consumption levels in control treated animals after 10 weeks of therapy; however, the food consumption for control treated animals was only intermittently lower than that for controls. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normalized with BMOV treatment for all diabetic treated animals, without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated that glucose homeostasis in control-treated animals occurred at significantly lower plasma insulin levels than in control animals. BMOV effectively produced the glucose-lowering effects at significantly lower dose than previously used for inorganic vanadium salts, without any overt signs of toxicity.},
	keywords = {ACTIVATION, ADIPOCYTES, BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV), BLOOD-GLUCOSE, DIABETES TREATMENT, DIABETIC RATS, GLYCOLYSIS, INSULIN, SENSITIVITY, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, STIMULATION, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, VANADATE},
	isbn = {0008-4212},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993LN77500013},
	author = {Yuen, V. G. and Orvig, Chris and McNeill, J. H.}
}
