@article {1809,
	title = {Growth of permanganate conversion coating on 2024-Al alloy},
	journal = {Thin Solid Films},
	volume = {515},
	number = {23},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Kulinich, S. A. Akhtar, A. S. Wong, P. C. Wong, K. C. Mitchell, K. A. R.5th International Workshop on Semiconductor Gas Sensors (SGS 2006)SEP 10-13, 2006Ustron, POLAND},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {8386-8392},
	abstract = {The growth of permanganate conversion coating on aluminum 2024-T3 alloy has been studied by characterizing, with scanning Auger microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the coatings formed by immersion of the alloy in the coating bath (containing KMnO4 and Na2B4O7, H-p 9-1) for different periods of time and at different temperatures. At room temperature, during the first 1-5 min of immersion, MnO2 deposits are formed only on the second-phase intermetallic particles (of Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Cu-Fe-Mn types), but the coating starts to develop on the Al matrix surface after 5-10 min. The coating slows down and stops after about 150 min, with a thinner deposit over the alloy matrix. The process is accelerated at higher temperatures, for example at 68 degrees C it self-limits after about 3 min. The electrochemical growth process appears to follow that established for the chromate conversion coatings, although XPS does not detect significant MnO4- incorporation into the permanganate coatings. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {0040-6090},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000250353700017},
	author = {Kulinich, S. A. and Akhtar, A. S. and Wong, P. C. and Wong, K. C. and Mitchell, K. A. R.}
}
