@article {13376,
	title = {Liquid{\textendash}liquid phase separation in particles containing organics mixed with ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate or sodium chloride. },
	journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {11723-11734},
	abstract = {<p>As the relative humidity varies from high to low values in the atmosphere, particles containing organics and inorganic salts may undergo liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation. The majority of the laboratory work on this subject has used ammonium sulfate as the inorganic salt. In the following we studied liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation in particles containing organics mixed with the following salts: ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride. In each experiment one organic was mixed with one inorganic salt and the liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation relative humidity (SRH) was determined. Since we studied 23 different organics mixed with four different salts, a total of 92 different particle types were investigated. Out of the 92 types, 49 underwent liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation. For all the inorganic salts, liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation was never observed when the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O:C) was \&ge; 0.8 and was always observed for O:C\&lt;0.5. For 0.5 \&le; O:C\&lt; 0.8, the results depended on the salt type. Out of the 23 organics investigated, the SRH of 20 organics followed the trend: (NH4)2SO4\&nbsp;\&ge; NH4HSO4\&nbsp;\&ge; NaCl \&ge; NH4NO3. This trend is consistent with previous salting-out studies and the Hofmeister series. Based on the range of O:C values found in the atmosphere and the current results, liquid\&ndash;liquid phase separation is likely a frequent occurrence in both marine and non-marine environments.</p>},
	doi = {doi:10.5194/acp-13-11723-2013},
	url = {http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/11723/2013/acp-13-11723-2013.html},
	author = {You, Y. and Renbaum-Wolff, L. and Bertram, A. K.}
}
